INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE AND PEAR 625 



fruit drops and no account is kept of the windfalls, and if the picked 

 fruit is not seriously infested the grower does not notice that he 

 has lost a large part of the crop, though where the post is abundant 

 so much of the fruit is injured that hut little remains to be picked 

 on unspraycd trees. In 1907 Professor Quaintance estimated 

 the annual loss due to this 

 insect in the United States at 

 about $12,000,000. 



The moths fly at dusk and 

 are rarely seen, as during the 

 day they rest on the bark 

 which they closely resemble 

 in color. The wings expand 

 about three-quarters inch and 

 have somewhat the appear- 

 ance of grayish-brownjwatered 

 silk, but when more "closely 

 examined are seen to be 

 crossed by numerous lines of 

 gray and brown scales. Near 

 the hind angle of each front 

 wing is a large dark brown 

 spot marked with streaks of 

 brown or gold. The hind- 

 wings are of a lighter grayish- 



FIG. 481. Cocoons of codling moth as 

 found attached to a piece of loose 

 bark natural size. (After Slinger- 

 land.) 



brown color, darker toward 

 the outer margin. 



L'fe History. The winter is passed by the fu"-gvown larvae in 

 their small white cocoons beneath or in crevices of the bark. 

 About the time the apples blossom the larvae transform to small 

 brown pupa;, from which the moths emerge in two to three weeks. 

 If the evenings be warm the females commence to deposit their 

 eggs within a few days, laying most of them on the foliage. A 

 female lays from 60 to 75 eggs, and though most of them are 

 placed on leaves near the young fruit, ofttimes they are deposited 

 on limbs or trees with no fruit. The individual egg looks much 



