INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE AND PEAR 627 



and faint tubercles over the body, and with three pairs of thoracic 

 legs and five pairs of abdominal prolegs. The cocoons are found 

 mostly on the trunks of the trees, as in winter. The pupal 

 stage of the first summer gen- 

 eration lasts ten to twelve 

 days, and the moths emerge 

 about eight weeks after the 

 eggs were laid. 



In northern New England 

 but 2 or 3 per cent of the 

 larvae pupate, the majority 

 hibernating over winter, so 

 that there is but a small 

 second generation. Further 

 south a large number trans- 

 form and in the- Middle States 

 there are two full generations. 

 In the far South, as in Georgia, 

 Arkansas and New Mexico, 

 there are three generations 

 In any event the larvae leave the apples in the fall and hiber- 

 nate in their cocoons, those but partly : growh usually dying 



before spring. The life cycle 

 of the second and third gen- 

 erations arc essentially x the 

 same as that of the first, 

 except that a large propor- 

 tion of the eggs arc laid on 

 the fruit and more of the lar- 

 vae enter the apples through 

 the sides or stem end. The 

 work of the larvae of the 



FIG. 484.-Young larva of codling moth j fe d ^ also some- 



in calyx cavity of apple enlarged. 



what different, as much of 



it consists of eating around the blossom end or on the face 

 of the apple, eating out small holes or tunneling under the 



Fio^SS.-^-Pupa skin of codling moth 

 remaining' attached to cocoon en- 

 larged. , 



