INSECTS INJURIOUS TO STONE FRUITS 660 



and as they frequently .show but little effect of the damage, the 

 infested fruit may be marketed and the pest thus spread. When 

 full grown the maggots leave the cherries and form puparia just 

 beneath the surface of the ground, or in the bottom of baskets 

 or in rubbish, wherever the affected fruit may be. The flies 

 commence to emerge from these puparia by the middle of June 

 in New York and are found during the summer months. 



Control. There is but little evidence as to practical means of 

 control. Deep plowing in spring should result in burying the 

 puparia so deeply as to prevent the emergence of the flies. Cultiva- 

 tion is evidently of little value, as the pest occurs in well-cultivated 

 orchards, so that shallow cultivation does not seem to affect the 

 puparia. Chickens have been observed to destroy the puparia, 

 and will doubtless prove as effective as against the apple-maggot 

 where they can be confined beneath affected trees on cultivated 

 soil. The destruction of all fruit, whether windfall or remaining 

 on the tree will, of course, aid in control. Recently a nearly 

 related fruit-fly has been successfully controlled in South Africa 

 by spraying the foliage with arsenate of lead sweetened with 

 treacle or brown sugar, thus attracting the flies, which are poisoned 

 by the arsenate, and this method is worthy of trial both for the 

 cherry fruit-fly and apple-maggot. 



