THE ORDERS OF THE HEX A POD A. 45 



opinion is in regard to the order Neuroptera. In this order as de- 

 fined by Linnaeus there are included insects with a complete meta- 

 morphosis as well as those with an incomplete one. So radical a 

 difference as this can hardly be expected to occur within the limits 

 of the same order.* For this reason those families in which the 

 transformation is an incomplete one were separated by Erichson as 

 the order Pseudoneuroptera; and the term Neuroptera restricted to 

 those in which the metamorphosis is complete. This adds one to 

 the list of orders. In the following pages I have considered the 

 order Pseudoneuroptera, as distinct from the order Neuroptera. 



Gerstaekcr and some others of the German entomologists do not 

 stop with the separation of the Pseudoneuroptera from the Neurop- 

 tera. They hold that there is no important character separating the 

 former order from the Orthoptera; and they therefore include in the 

 order Orthoptera not only the insects commonly placed there by the 

 English and American entomologists, but also those of the Linnasan 

 order Neuroptera in which the metamorphosis is an incomplete one. 

 We have, therefore, three slightly differing systems, which agree 

 o the orders Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and 

 Hymenoptera, but differ as to the other orders. These differences 

 arc represented in the following table. It will be noted that al- 

 though the classification of Olivier and that of Gerstaeker present 

 the same names, these are used with widely different signification. 

 The Orthoptera of Gerstaeker includes much more, and the Neurop- 

 tera much less than in the classification of Olivier. 



OLIVIER. ERICHSON. GERSTAEKER. 



Orthoptera. Orthoptera. 



Orthoptera. 

 C Pseudoneuroptera. " 

 Neuroptera. 



( Neitrot-: Neuropt 



Although the Linn.-L-an >y-trm .slightly modified in one or another 

 of the three ways just indicated is still very generally a. 

 there are many entomologists who hold that further nioditu. it ion- 

 should be made. There are certain families, as the Earwigs, Fl 

 Thrips, and oth< :. of which -.1 iff ITS greatly from the typical 



<:sentatives of the order in which it \\as.it first placed. K.u h 



i turn been to the rank of an OK 



Hut little agreen >ng syst as to li 



* The males of the Coccids are the only insects which present an exception in this 

 4 



