ORTHOPTERA, 97 



recurrence should be guarded against by burning the leaves upon 

 the ground under the infested trees in the autumn, thus destroying 

 the eggs. 



Family V. 

 (Locusts or Short-horned Grasshoppers.) 



The Acrididae and the two following families constitute the sec- 

 tion Salt at or ia or Jumpers. The members of this section agree in 

 having the hind legs fitted for jumping, by being either very much 

 stouter or very much longer, or both stouter and longer, than the 

 femora of the other legs. The females are usually furnished with a 

 prominent ovipositor, and the wings of the immature forms are in 

 an inverted position. 



In many species, especially of the Acrididae, the adult is fur- 



nished with rudimentary wings ; and thus presents the appearance of 



an immature form. But by means of the character just given it is 



to distinguish the adult even in the case of these short-winged 



: for in the immature forms the tegmina are folded beneath 



the wings, and the principal veins of both tegmina and wings curve 



downward instead of upward. 



The family Acrididie includes the Locusts or Short-horned Grass- 

 hoppers. These are common and well-known insects. They differ 

 from other Saltatoria in having the antennaj much shorter than the 

 body, and consisting of not more than twenty-five segments. The 



>ositor of the female is short, and composed of four separate 

 plates, and the basal segment of the abdomen is furnished on each 

 side with a supposed organ of hearing. 



The head is usually short, although in two of the sub-families it is 

 nded horizontally. Immediately under the vertex, but in some 



s above it, there is on each side a little space bounded by 



'1 ridges. These spaces are termed the Literal Jorcolic ; their 



i form afford characters which are much used in 

 cation. The front is generally traversed by three veriiV.il keels or 



nee; the one on the middle line is termed the ///< 

 or front others are the Ititi -ral ttinmc. The pronotum 



is dr )to four lobes 1>\ tii -well-marked ti 



11 furnished with a median crest. The 

 hind til) upon the up] ' >f spines: the num- 



* Acrididae, Acrldium: ; *pt'6tov) t a small locust. 



