AN INTRODUCTION, I\\MOI.OGY. 



FIG. 112. Mouth-parts of Thrift. (Drawn 

 by J. M. Stedman, under the author's di- 

 rection.) 8. labrum; 10, mandible; n, max- 

 illa; 12, labium. 



The mandibles are long, bristle-like, curved, and somewhat 

 flattened at the base ; the maxillae are broad at the base, and taper 

 to a point ; they are furnished with well-developed palpi ; the labial 



palpi are distinct, but less conspic- 

 uous ; the labrum, in the form fig- 

 ured, is furnished with a curious 

 appendage at its tip; and the la- 

 bium is deeply emarginate. The 

 three thoracic segments are well 

 developed. The wings are laid 

 horizontally on the back when not 

 in use ; they are very narrow, but 

 are fringed with long hairs, which, 

 diverging in flight, compensate for 

 the smallness of the membrane. 

 This fringing of the wings sug- 

 gested the name Tliysanoptcra, by 

 which the order is designated in 

 many entomological works. In some- 

 species the wings are wanting. The legs are well developed, 

 but are furnished with very peculiar tarsi; these are two-jointed, 

 and arc bladder-like at the tip. It is this character that sugi; 

 the name Fhysopodct. The abdomen is more or less spindle-form ; it 

 is terminated in some genera by a long, slender segment ; in others, 

 the females are furnished with a four-valved ovipositor, which lies 

 in a groove on the ventral aspect of the abdomen. 



The larva resembles the perfect insect, but has a softer body. 



with the mesothorax and metathorax distinct; the mouth is like 



that of the adult; the antennoj and legs are shorter; there are no 



simpl- md the compound ones are replaced by conglomerate 



The pupa resembles the perfect insect, but the articulations 



of the limbs are obscured by a film, and the wings inclosed in .short 



heaths. The antenn;e are turned back on the head, and the 



. though it moves about, is much more sluggish than in the 



other States." ' I laliday.i 



The different species of Thrips vary greatly in habits, some being 

 injurious to vegetation, while oth- arnivormis. It should be 



borne in mind that th- commonly called The T//n'/>s, that in- 



fests the leaves of grape, is not a member of this order, but one of 

 the Leaf-hoppers (family Jassid.e of the order Hemiptera). The 



