HEMIPTERA. 12$ 



composed of two pieces joined together at their sides ; one of these 

 is narrow, and is the part next to the scutellum when the wings are 

 closed (Fig. 113, 67); this is distinguished as the^ftv^v 

 the other broader part is the cerium (Fig. 113, Co). 

 The terminal portion of the wing-cover is designated 

 as the membrane (Fig. 113, M). In certain families, a FIG. n 3 .- 

 triangular portion of the terminal part of the corium is winf<aver. 

 separated as a distinct piece (Fig. 113, Cu)\ this is the 

 cnncns. In certain other cases, a narrow piece on the costal mar- 

 gin of the corium is separated (Fig. 113, E) ; this is the cmbolium. 

 Both pairs of wings in the Homoptera and Heteroptera are furnished 

 with veins ; but it is not necessary for the purposes of this work to 

 discuss here the nomenclature of these veins. 



The mouth-parts are formed for piercing and sucking. Without 

 dissection, they usually appear as a slender jointed beak, arising at 

 the base of a shorter pointed labrum. This beak consists of four 

 bristles inclosed in a fleshy, jointed sheath (Fig. 114). 

 Two of the bristles represent the mandibles, and two 

 the maxillae. The sheath is supposed to consist of the 

 labium and the grown-together labial palpi. This sheath 

 is usually four-jointed, and is never composed of more 

 than that number of segments. The maxillary palpi 

 are wanting. 



Most of the Heteroptera protect themselves by the 

 emission of a disagreeable odor. This is caused by a 

 fluid which is excreted through two openings, one on 

 each side of the ventral aspect of the thorax, behind or 

 near the middle coxa. These openings are termed 

 F ifouth-' P ir^ tnc ost coles. Each of these is usually in some kind of 

 c f r B Muhr'f f " an P en channel styled the ostcolnr caihiL and th: 



surrounded by a more or less rugged and granu 

 he evaporating surface. Tin- legs of the Hciniptcra vary 



:i form, but the tarsi are never more than threc-j< tinted. 

 The lateral margin of the abdominal segments is mm h '. 

 oped in several families. ;m d forms a ll.it. rellexed or vertical boi 

 to the abdomen, which is called the <nn< i /.-//;//. 



In their transformations tin- Hemiptrra pass through an iiu 



The rudimentary \v IngS of the n\ mph 

 in the normal position, with the lov 

 body, and not inv< \\ith th< Jum] ': thoptcra. 



