TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



ART. SECT. PAGE 



40. II. Water cooled still further becomes the transparent brlttla 



solid Ice .......... 58 



41. Ice has less Specific Gravity than the Water from which it 



was formed ......... 59 



42. Hoar Frost is the Gaseous Water which exists in the Atmos- 



phere, condensed and converted into Ice Crystals . . 60 



43. ,, When Ice is warmed it begins to change back into Water as 



soon as the Temperature reaches 32 61 



44. ,, Ice the solid, Water the liquid, and Steam the gas, are three 



states of one natural object; the condition of each state 

 being a certain amount of Heat 62 



45. The Phenomena of Heat are the Effects of a rapid Motion of 



the Particles of Matter .63 



46. ,, The Structure of Water 65 



47. ,, Suppositions or Hypotheses ; their Uses and their Value . 67 



48. ,, The Hypothesis that Water is composed of Separate Parti- 



cles (Molecules) 68 



49. All Matter is probably made up either of Molecules or of 



Atoms . 70 



50 ,, Elementary Bodies are neither destroyed nor is their Quantity 



increased in Nature 72 



51. ,, Simple Mixture "... 73 



52. ,, Mixture followed by Increase of Density; Alcohol and Water 74 



53. ,, Solution: Water Dissolves Salt 76 



54. ,, Quicklime and Water : Plaster of Paris and Water : Com- 



bination . 79 



55. Mineral bodies may take on definite shapes and grow, or 



increase in size, by the addition of like parts . . .82 



(B.) LIVING BODIES. 



56. ,, The Wheat Plant and the substances of which it is composed 83 



57. ,, The common Fowl and the Substances of which it is com- 



posed 85 



58. Certain Constituents of the Body are very similar in the 



Wheat Plant and in the Fowl 86 



59. ,, Proteid Substances are met with in Nature only in Animals 



and Plants ; and Animals and Plants always contain Pro- 

 teids 87 



60. ,, What is meant by the word Living ? . . . . .88 



61. ,, The Living Plant increases in Size, by adding to the Sub- 



stances which compose its Body, like Substances ; these, 

 however, are not derived from without, but are manufac- 

 tured within the Body of the Plant from simpler Materials 88 



62. ,, The Living Plant, after it has grown up, detaches part of its 



Substance, which has the Power of developing into a 

 similar Plant, as a Seed 90 



63. ,, The Living Animal increases in Size by adding to the Sub- 



stances which compose its Body, like Substances ; these 

 however are chiefly derived directly from other Animals 

 or from Plants go 



64- ,, The Living Animal, after it has grown up, detaches part of 



its Substance, which has the Power of growing into a 

 similar Animal, as an Egg ....... 91 



65- Living Bodies differ from Mineral Bodies ki their Essential 



Composition, v in the manner of their Growth, and in the 

 fact that they are reproduced by Germs . . . .91 



III. IMMATERIAL OBJECTS. 



66. ,, Mental Phenomena . 92 



67. ,, The order of Mental Phenomena : Psychology . 93 



