178 STUDIES OF TREES 



lU ])lace and to exclude moisture and disease. The washers 

 and nuts on the inner side of the hmbs shoukl also be 

 emljeddcd. 



A chain is sometimes advantageously substituted for 

 the middle section of the bar and, in some cases, where 

 more than two branches have to be joined together, a ring 

 might take the place of the middle bar or chain. 



Bolts on a tree detract consideral)ly from its natural 

 beauty and should, therefore, he used only where they 

 arc absolutely necessary for the safety of the tree. The}' 

 should be placed as high up in the tree as possible without 

 weakening the limbs. 



