226 STUDIES OF TREES 



white. Red cedar can be distinguished from all the other 



conifers mentioned by the deep color of the wood and the 



verj' distinct aromatic odor. 



Wood larjiely used for pencils; also for chests and cabinets, 



posts, and poles. It is very durable in contact with the 



ground. 



Western red cedar is lighter, softer, less deeply colored and less 



fragi-ant than the common Eastern cedar. It grows along 



the Pacific Coast and is extensively used for shingles 



throughout the country. 



5. Redwood. Wood odorless and tasteless, uniform-textured, 



liglit and weak, rather coarse and harsh. Color light cherry. 



Close inspection under lens of a small split surface will reveal 



many little resin masses that appear as rows of black or aml^er 



beads which are characteristic of this wood. 



Redwood is confined to portions of the Pacific Coast. It is 



used for house construction, interior finish, tanks and flumes, 



shingles, posts, and boxes. It is very durable. 



II. WOODS WITH PORES— BROADLEAF, OR SO-CALLED 



" HARDWOODS " 



A, Ring-porous. 



1. Woods uilh a portion of the rays very larqe and conspicuous. 

 Oak. The wood of all of the oaks is heavy, hard, and 

 strong. They may be separated into two groups. The 

 white oaks and the red or black oaks. 



(a) White oaks. Pores in early wood plugged with tyloses, 

 collected in a few rows. Fig. 146. The transition from 

 the large pores to the small ones in the late wood is abrupt. 



The latter are very small, numerous, and appear as irregular 

 grayish bands widening toward the outer edge of the 

 annual ring. Impossible usually to see into the small pores 

 with magnifier. 



(b) Red or black oaks. Pores are usually open though 

 tyloses may occur, Fig. 147; the early wood pores are in 

 several rows and the transition to the small ones in late 

 wood is gradual. The latter are fewer, larger and more 



