H>J T\(iK SKOnsHKUC. 



and ivpnuliutions of the liiiili.s. W . Lil,.ii;i;oKci, isr)3, wIid m tJu' iiilfrj)rctaluiii ol tlic liiiib.s 

 i)f those forms takes the same staiulpoint as H. MiI-m; MhwaHDS, except that lie iiitei'])i'ets 

 the imixiUa ei>ireetly this pair of appendages is calh'd tlic first pair of maxiUac, tlie fifth 

 and sixtli pairs of limbs the second and third pairs of maxillae — is a good deal superior to his 

 contemporaries in accuracy and acuteness in observing details and in the clearness of his 

 descriptions as well as in the elegance of his drawings. — It may be pointed out as u curious 

 fact that (). t'OSTA in 1845 explained the exopodite of the second antennae as branchiae, an 

 aiwumption that was decidedly rejected by E. Grube already in his work of 1859, p. 326. 



As early as 1852, thus before the al)ove-mentioned works of S. FISCHER and W. Liljebohu, 

 •I. !>. Dana, however, gave the first correct interpretation of the limbs of this group, and his 

 view soon foimd general acceptance*. 



With regard to the differences in opinion that have appeared in literature as to the 

 terms ior the vari(.)us limbs and with regard to the various opinions that have been put forward 

 as to the interpretation of the different parts of the limbs I merely refer in this connection 

 to what has been stated above in the chapter on terminology and the morphology of 

 the limbs. 

 The other orgatts. In 1838 H. MlLNE EDWARDS verified the existence of the lateral eyes and correctly 



described the structure of the furca. In a work of 1840 the same author found that the mouth 

 was provided with an upper lip. W. LiLJEBORG finds (1853) the median eye and the rod- 

 shaped organ** and surmises that the latter is a sensory organ; he writes about this 1. c. p. 175: 

 ,,Midt enieUan ogonen sitter en lang, utat afsmalnande papill, soni framskjuter mellan de 

 ofre ant«nnerna. Vid basen ar den uppsviilld, med en uppstaende utvidgning, som irmesluter 

 ett amne, som mycket bknar ogats pigment. Mojligen torde denna papill vara ett kilnsel- 

 organ"***. This discovery seems to have been quite overlooked by most of the succeeding 

 writers. In 1864 F. MOlleu stated (p. 72) that Cypridina, contrary to Cypris and Cythere, 

 had a heart. — In passing it may be pointed out that G. W. MUller, 1894, p. 169 writes that 

 C. Glaus was the first to observe this organ. It is certainly true that in his work of 1865, p. 143, 

 G. Glaus says that he had discovered this organ quite independently of other investigators, 

 but when he published the work in question he had already (cf. p. 145) seen the above-mentioned 

 publication of F. Mt'LLER. 



The year after this work by F. MtJLLEh' there appeared almost simultaneously two ver}- 

 important treatises, first C. Glaus's ,,Ueber die Organisation der Gypri- 

 dinen" and shortly afterwards G. 0. Sars's ,,0 v e r s i g t af Norges marine 

 Ostracode r". In both these works clear and also rather detailed descriptions were given 

 of both the exterior and interior morphology of these animals, which may be said to have 

 become fairly well known through these works. 



* On pi. 90 ill tlie work iiieiitioned tin; fifth hikI sixUi limbs aiu placed by inistaki' in llic wrong order. 

 ** The rod-shaped organ in the Halocyprids was discovered one year earlier by J. D. Dan.\. 

 *** Translation: Between the eyes there is a long papilla growing narrower distally, which projects between Lhc 

 upper antennae. It is smaller at its base and has here an upward directed hump containing a material that is very 

 like the pigment of the eye. This papilla may possibly be a tactile organ." 



