studies on marine Ostracods • 373 



portion between tlie joints seems to be fuii'ly constant; tlie following tigures may be given to 

 illustrate it (from a specimen of Pit. (Ph.) (jlohusa): 



Pi: 1 1, Pr. II |. End. l^ End. Ill, End. Ill I. 



(It thus differs from the mandible in (Ujpridininae especially by the relatively great length 

 of the first endopodite joint and the relative shortness of the second endopodite joint.) P r o t o- 

 p o d i t e: The endite of the coxale is moderately large but very powerful and is deeply bifur- 

 cated distally; the two main points are rather strongly chitinized, well pointed and most 

 frequently furnished with some moderately strong secondary spines (see fig. 8 of Ph. (Sclero- 

 (■(DicliaJ Appellofi); it is furnished with a moderate number of rather long and stiff hairs arranged 

 in a few groups; in addition it has proximally-laterally a single short bristle, apart from which 

 this joint has no bristles. Basale: On the inside of the proximal half of the joint there is a group 

 of rather short bristles, some of which are powerful; in all the species of this genus that are 

 dealt with in this treatise this group had six bristles, three of which were powerful, furnished 

 with powerful secondary teeth, the three others were moderately strong and had a wreath of 

 long, stiff secondary bristles at the middle and short hairs distally. Scattered along the ventral 

 side of this joint there is a somewhat varying number of bristles; in the species investigated 

 by me from six to twelve bristles were observed at this place, all of the same type, having one 

 or a few wreaths of long, stiff secondary bristles at the middle and short hairs distally, of moderate 

 length or rather long. Dorsally this joint has a varying number of rather long bristles, two 

 of which are always situated distally close to each other. The e x o p o d i t e is, in most cases, 

 somewhat shorter than the dorsal side of the first endopodite joint. It is drawn out to a rather 

 line point and has dorso-distally a sort of cushion of exceedingly fine hairs situated close together 

 (the mouths of a gland). Endopodite: The first joint has foiu' ventral distal bristles, 

 some or all of which are long. Second joint: On the anterior side this joint has a number of 

 tjristles, situated in two more or less distinct groups, one of which is placed about half-way 

 along the joint, the other somewhat proximally of this. The bristles in the latter group seem 

 to vary rather considerably in number and type. The former group, on the other hand, had, 

 in all the species investigated by me, six bristles, all rather long but differing somewhat in length, 

 the longest ones often about as long as the joint, and with one or a few wreaths of long, stiff" 

 secondary bristles at the middle and very fine, short hairs distally. Postero-distally this joint 

 has two groups of bristles, one situated somewhat proximally of the other. Both groups consist 

 of three moderately long and moderately strong bristles, about subequal and furnished with 

 short hairs; those in tlie distal group are somewhat shorter than those in tiie proximal groujj. 

 The end joint has seven bristles. In all the species investigated by me these were developed 

 in about the following way: The two middle ones were developed as long, powerful and some- 

 what curved claws, the lateral one of which — which is somewhat longer than the other — is 

 often as long as the second endopodite joint. Of the two anterior bristles one is rather powerful, 

 almost as strong as the middle claws but rather considerably shorter than these, the other is 

 weak and in most cases somewhat shorter than the first-mentioned one. The three posterior 

 bristles are all weak and of somewhat different lengths, the longest one somewhat shorter than 



