studies on marine Oslracods 389 



no. 3 the long secondary bristles continue almost to the point of the bristle; nos. 4 and 5 are 

 in most cases furnished distally with a comparatively few powerful secondary teeth; the short 

 anterior and posterior bristles are sometimes bare distally, sometimes rather strongly pectinated 

 (see fig. 17 of Ph. (Scl.) Appellofi). The second endite has nine bristles, in exceptional cases 

 only eight. They are subequal and of moderate length and strength; they are either all furnished 

 at the middle with long, stiff secondary bristles or else one or two may be without these; most 

 of them are rather strongly pectinated distally; on a few the pectination is comparatively weak 

 (see fig. 18, Ph. (Scl.) Afpellofi). The third endite has thirteen bristles, of moderate lengtli 

 and strength; the anterior bristle seems to be always a little shorter and weaker than the bristle 

 situated nearest to it; the others decrease on the whole somewhat in length the more posteriorly 

 they are situated. On some bristles there is a wreath of long, stifi secondary bristles at the 

 middle, but most of them have no such bristles; all the bristles are pectinated distally, some 

 rather finely, most rather strongly (see fig. 19 of Ph. (Scl.) Appellofi). The e p i p o d i a 1 

 appendage has about fifty to sixty marginal bristles. Exopodite: First joint: The 

 main tooth consists of four constituent teeth of about the same type as that rej^roduced for 

 Ph. (Ph.) Lilljeborgi, i. e. with a very coarse and clumsy anterior tooth. The short posterior 

 constituent tooth is often very weak; on one specimen it was even missing altogether on the 

 limb of one side; in exceptional cases this tooth has no secondary teeth at all. On the inside 

 of the anterior constituent tooth there is a coarse, clumsy, smooth, often somewhat bifurcated, 

 tooth-like protuberance. The bristle near the main tooth on the posterior side of this joint 

 is about as long as the anterior constituent tooth, is rather powerful and is fairly strongly 

 pectinated distally; it has no long secondary bristles. Of the three bristles on the anterior side 

 of this joint the two situated near the main tooth are subequal, somewhat longer but weaker 

 than the bristle on the posterior side of the joint; these two bristles are finely pectinated distally; 

 the outer one has a wreath of long, stiff secondary bristles at the middle. The third of these 

 bristles, the one sitiuited farther out on the joint, is rather short and is furnished with 

 moderately long hairs. Close to this bristle there is a group of short, stiff hairs. Second joint: 

 The middle bristle in the group of three and the bristle situated by itself, the c-bristle, are sub- 

 equal and of moderate length and strength; the two remaining ones in the group of three are 

 subequal, considerably shorter and weaker, being in most cases not half as long as the two 

 preceding ones. All these four bristles are often bare or almost bare; in some cases the c-bristle 

 may have sparse, long secondary bristles at the middle. The bristle on the anterior side of this 

 joint, on the anteriorly pointing tooth, is short, weak, bare or almost so; it is in exceptional 

 cases missing (pulled off in such cases?). The two distal exopodite joints are weakly devel- 

 oped; the outer lobe of the third joint especially is almost completely reduced. Third joint: 

 The inner lobe has three bristles distally, all of moderate length and strength. One of these is 

 somewhat more powerful than the others and is furnished distally with a number of moderately 

 strong secondary teeth. The second is moderately strongly pectinated distally and has a varying 

 number of long, stiff secondary bristles at the middle. The third is somewhat shorter and weaker 

 than the others and is bare or is only sparsely furnished with short secondary bristles. Variation 

 was observed in the relative length and strength of these bristles, but it was rather slight. The 



