O.V» rvc.i: SKOGSItKRO 



First ant run a: — Tliis issiics lii>:li up on the luiflifad. Tlicrc an- never more 

 than six clearly ilistinct joints. In othor rospctts its type varies considerahh . 



S e e o n (I antenna: - The p r o t o |> o di t e, wiiieli is situated li\- the side 

 of tlie upper lip, issues from a rather narrow hase and is verv inovealilv joined to tlie l)o(i\-. It 

 is large, relatively high, pear-shaped, in most cases somewhat more (lone.itcd than in the 

 Ctfpridiniformejf. somewhat flattened at the sides, with very powerful musculature, unjointed, 

 without any eviilent traces of the boundary between the original joints and always without 

 bristles*. K x o p o il i t e: This is very nioveably joined to the protopodite, with wliicli, when 

 at rest, it forms a distinct ventrally open knee. It is developed into a powerful, elongated, 

 (always?) nine-jointed locomotory organ, used in swinnning. (All the species of this group 

 that were investigated by me had constantly nine joints, but, according to (I. W. MtU,l.ER, 

 this branch has only eight joints in the genus Thauniatnci/pris; cf. the remark on this sub-family 

 on p. 580 below.) Its first joint is always elongated and in most cases of about equal thickness 

 along its whole length; most frequently it does not form disto-laterally a ratchet of the type 

 characteristic for the CypruUnifornies. This joint is never armed with long natatory bristles. 

 The eight following joints, of which the seven distal ones at least are short, become more and more 

 narrow the more distally they are situated; the one next to the distal one is sometimes very 

 small, even rather difficult to observe. Each of these eight joints are furnished disto-ventrally, 

 somewhat medially, with a long and powerful natatory bristle. These bristles are annulated 

 along the greater part of their length and are armed — also along the greater part of their length 

 — with moderately broad natatory hairs, arranged in the shape of a feather. The end 

 joint has a somewhat larger number (two or three were observed) of bristles; the ventral one of 

 these is always a long natatory bristle, but usually somewhat shorter and weaker than those on 

 the preceding joints; the other (or the others) are somewhat (more or less) shorter and weaker 

 than the ventral one. All the bristles on this branch are without spines. Along the distal edge 

 of a larger or smaller number of the second to the eight joints there is often a series of more 

 or less weak spines; as I found this character varying rather considerably, I thought it best 

 not to include it in the following descriptions. Basal spines in the sense in which this term is 

 used by me in the group Cypridiniformes always seem to be absent in the Halocypriformes. 

 The endopodite is always shorter than the exopodite, but is always well developed. It 

 has never more than three joints; otherwise it varies in type. It is used only in exceptional 

 cases as a locomotory (natatory) organ. 



SI a n d i li 1 e: — This is always powerful and elongated, and is chiefly used for holding 

 the food fast and for mastication (also a climbing organ?). Protopodite: This is always 

 two-jointed. The coxale, which is fixed obliquely forwards and downwards on the side of the 

 body just behind the second antenna, is very powerful, strongly chitinized and very short and 

 high; it consists of a rather narrow wedge-shaped dorsal insertion part, w^hich forms the place 

 of attachment for a number of very powerful muscles, and a particularly powerful ventral 



* J. 1). Dana (1852. pi. XC. fi^s. 4 b and .5 b and pi. XCI, fig. 8 e) draw.s a Ijiistle distally on tlie protopodite 

 or Conchoecia and Halocypris. In addition G. S. Brady (1880, pi. XL, fi^. ") draw.s two long bristles at about the 

 middle of the protopodite of ., Halocypris atlantica Lubb" (presumably = Conchoecia serrulata C. Glaus). This is certainly 

 due to mistakes on the part of these writers. 



