14 
they change to the pupa state. The moths emerge later. There 
are usually two broods, the insect passing the winter within the 
cocoons. 
The simplest remedial measure is to pick off the leaf on which 
the young caterpillars are feeding and crush them. When the 
caterpillars are older they may be destroyed by insect powder 
or kerosene emulsion, although they are seldom so numerous 
but that they can be checked by a little hand picking. 
In certain localities in the southern part of the state the rose 
eeetle or rose chafer* has been present in sufficient abund- 
ance to do considerable damage. This old and well-known pest 
still continues to be one of the most vexatious of insect ene- 
mies, against which satisfactory remedies are yet wanting. The 
adult beetles appear early in summer about the time the wild 
roses come into blossom, and attack the leaves and flowers of 
a great variety of plants ; of cultivated fruits they are often 
exceedingly injurious to apples, pears, plums, peaches, raspber- 
ries, blackberries, grapes, and strawberries. The leaves of the 
latter were seriously attacked during the summer of 1895, in 
the vicinity of Durham. 
The life-history of this insect may be briefly summarized in 
these words, — The female beetles deposit thirty or more eggs 
Fig. 3. Rose chafer: a, larva ; b, pupa; c, beetle — slightly magnified. [After Riley] 
an inch or so beneath the soil surface, preferring for this pur- 
pose, according to Dr. Riley's observation, ' low, open meadow 
land or cultivated fields, particularly where the soil is light and 
sandy.' In two or three weeks the eggs hatch into grubs that 
feed upon the roots of grass, and possibly other plants, and 
become fully grown (tf) in autumn. As winter approaches they 
*Macrodactylus sitbspinosits. 
