LIGAMENTS OF SHOULDER. 291 



capsule, below the coracoid process, through which the synovial mem- 

 brane of the joint is continuous with the bursa beneath the tendon of the 

 subscapularis. 



The following muscles surround the articulation : above and behind 

 are the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor ; below, the capsule 

 ivS only partly covered by the subscapularis ; but internally it is well sup- 

 ported by the last-named muscle. 



On the front of the capsule is a rather thick band of fibres the coraco- 

 humeral or accessory ligament (fig. 75, 8 ), which springs from the base of 

 the coracoid process of the scapula, and widening over the front of the 

 joint, is attached to the margins of the bicipital groove, and to the tube- 

 rosities. 



Dissection. To see the interior of the articulation, cut circularly through 

 the capsule near the scapula. When this has been done the attachment 

 of the capsule to the bones, the glenoid ligament, and the tendon of the 

 biceps will be manifest. 



The tendon of the biceps muscle arches over the head of the humerus, 

 and serves the purpose of a ligament in restraining the upward and out- 

 ward movements of that bone. It is attached to the upper part of the 

 glenoid fossa of the scapula (fig. 89, d), and is united on each side with 

 the glenoid ligament. At first flat, it afterwards becomes round, and en- 

 tering the groove between the tuberosities of the humerus, it is surrounded 

 by the synovial membrane. 



Fig. 89. 



VIEW OF THE INTERIOR OF THE SHOULDER-JOINT. 



a. Attachment of the capsule to the neck of c. Glenoid ligament around the gleuoid fossa, 

 the humerus. d. Tendon of the biceps fixed to the top of the 



6. Interval of the bicipital groove. fossa. 



The glenoid ligament (fig. 89, c) is a firm fibro-cartilaginous band, 

 which surrounds the fossa of the same name, deepening it for the reception 

 of the head of the humerus. It is about two lines in depth, and is con- 

 nected in part with the sides of the tendon of the biceps ; but most of its 

 fibres are fixed separately to the margin of the glenoid fossa. 



The synovial membrane lines the articular surface of the capsule, and is 

 continued through the aperture on the inner part to join the bursa beneath 

 the subscapular muscle. The membrane is reflected around the tendon of 

 the biceps, and lines the bicipital groove of the humerus. 



