xiv CONTENTS. 



Change of Arrangements. Second Cruise ; to the Bay of Biscay. 

 Dredging successful at 2,435 fathoms. Third Cruise ; in the Channel 

 between F&roe and Shetland. The Fauna of the ' Cold Area.' Page 82 



APPENDIX A. Official Documents and Official Accounts of preliminary 

 Proceedings in connection with the Explorations in H.M. Surveying- 

 vessel 'Porcupine,' during the Summer of 1869 Page 133 



APPENDIX B. Particulars of Depth, Temperature, and Position at the 

 various Dredging Stations of H.M.S. ' Porcupine,' in the Summer of 

 1869 ' Page 



CHAPTER IV. 



THE CRUISES OF THE ' PORCUPINE ' (continued}. 



From Shetland to Stornoway, Phosphorescence. The Echinothuridce. 

 The Fauna of the ' Warm Area,' End of the Cruise of 1869. Arrange- 

 ments for the Expedition of 1870. From England to Gibraltar. 

 Peculiar Conditions of the Mediterranean. Return to Cowes. Page 145 



APPENDIX A. Extracts from the Minutes of Council of the Royal Society, 

 and other official Documents referring to the Cruise of H.M.S. ' Porcu- 

 pine ' during the Summer of 1870 Page 197 



APPENDIX B. Particulars of Depth, Temperature, and Position at the 

 various Dredging- stations of H.M.S. 'Porcupine' in the Summer of 

 1870 Page 202 



CHAPTER V. 



DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 



The ordinary Sounding-lead for moderate Depths. Liable to Error when 

 employed in Deep Water. Early Deep Soundings unreliable. Improved 

 Methods of Sounding. The Cup-lead. Brooke's Sounding Instrument. 

 The ' Bull-dog ; ' Fitzgerald's ; the ' Hydra.' Sounding from the ' Porcu- 

 pine.' The Contour of the Bed of the North Atlantic ... Page 205 



CHAPTER VI. 



DEEP-SEA DREDGING. 



The Naturalist's Dredge. 0. F. Miiller. Ball's Dredge. Dredging at 

 moderate Depths. The Dredge-rope. Dredging in Deep Water. The 

 ' Hempen tangles.' Dredging on board the ' Porcupine.' The Sieves. 



