CONTENTS. XV 



The Dredger's Note-book. The Dredging Committee of the British 

 Association. Dredging on the Coast of Britain. Dredging abroad. 

 History of the Progress of Knowledge of the Abyssal Fauna. Page 236 



APPENDIX A. One of the Dredging Papers issued by the British Associa- 

 tion Committee, filled up by Mr. MacAndrew Page 281 



CHAPTER VII. 



DEEP-SEA TEMPERATURES. 



Ocean Currents and their general Effects on Climate. Determination of 

 Surface Temperatures. Deep-sea Thermometers. The ordinary Self- 

 registering Thermometer on Six's principle. The Miller-Casella modifi- 

 cation. The Temperature Observations taken during the Three Cruises 

 of H.M.S. ' Porcupine ' in the year 1869, etc Page 284 



APPENDIX A. Surface Temperatures observed onboard H.M.S. 'Porcupine' 

 during the Summers of 1869 and 1870 Page 329 



APPENDIX B. Temperature of the Sea at different Depths near the Eastern 

 Margin of the North Atlantic Basin, as ascertained by Serial and by 

 Bottom Soundings Page 352 



APPENDIX C. Comparative Rates of Reduction of Temperature with 

 Increase of Depth at Three Stations in different Latitudes, all of them 

 on the Eastern Margin of the Atlantic Basin Page 353 



APPENDIX D. Temperature of the Sea at different Depths in the Warm and 

 Cold Areas lying between the North of Scotland, the Shetland Islands, 

 and the Fseroe Islands ; as ascertained by Serial and by Bottom Sound- 

 ings Page 354 



APPENDIX E. Intermediate Bottom Temperatures showing the Intermixture 

 of Warm and Cold Currents on the Borders of the Warm and Cold 

 Areas Page 355 



CHAPTER VIII. 



THE GULF-STREAM. 



The Range of the * Porcupine ' Temperature Observations. Low Tempera- 

 tures universal at great Depths. The Difficulty of investigating Ocean 

 Currents. The Doctrine of a general Oceanic Circulation advocated by 

 Captain Maury and by Dr. Carpenter. Opinion expressed by Sir John 

 Herschel. The Origin and Extension of the Gulf-stream. The Views of 

 Captain Maury ; of Professor Buff ; of Dr. Carpenter. The Gulf-stream 

 off the Coast of North America. Professor Bache's ' Sections.' The 

 Gulf-stream traced by the Surface Temperatures of the North Atlantic. 

 Mr. Findlay's Views. Dr. Petermann's Temperature Charts. Sources of 



