116 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [CHAP. m. 



coloured sand grains, for every chamber of the series 

 into which the test was divided. The new form, how- 

 ever, was found not to be divided into chambers, but 

 to have its cavity continuous throughout, "though 

 traversed in every part of its length by irregular 

 processes, built up partly of sand-grains and partly of \ 

 sponge-spicules," resembling those described by Dr. > 

 Carpenter in the gigantic fossil form ParJceria. 1 One 

 extremity of this chamber is arched over, spaces being 

 left between the agglutinated sand-grains, through 

 which it appears that the gelatinous being within com- 

 municates with the outer world by protruding its 

 sarcode processes. The other end was so constantly 

 broken off, leaving a rough fracture, that Dr. 

 Carpenter was inclined to believe that this form 

 to which he gave the generic name of Botellina, grew 

 attached to the bottom or to some foreign body. 



The cold area teems with echinoderms. In the 

 channel north and west of Shetland, we added to the 

 fauna of the British area besides a large number of 

 species new to science, nearly every one of the forms 

 described by the Scandinavian naturalists as inhabit- 

 ing the seas of Norway and Greenland. 



In comparatively shallow water Cidaris hystrix 

 was most abundant, and of large size. The large 

 form of Echinus flemingii, BALL, was rare; but every 

 haul at all depths brought up some variety or other 

 which was referred with doubt to E. elegans, D. and 

 K., to one or other form of U. norvegicus, D. and K., 

 or to E. rarituberculatus, G. O. SARS ; and although it 

 may, perhaps, be necessary still to describe all these 

 which certainly in their extreme forms present very 



1 Philosophical Transactions, 1869, p. 806. 



