78 THE DESCENT OF MAN. 



sphincters to be relaxed, and the hair to stand on end. 

 Suspicion, the offspring of fear, is eminently characteristic 

 of most wild animals. It is, I think, impossible to read the 

 account given by Sir E. Tennent, of the behavior of the 

 female elephants, used as decoys, without admitting that 

 they intentionally practice deceit, and well know what they 

 are about. Courage and timidity are extremely variable 

 qualities in the individuals of the same species, as is plainly 

 seen in our dogs. Some dogs and horses are ill-tempered 

 and easily turn sulky; others are good-tempered; and these 

 qualities are certainly inherited. Every one knows how 

 liable animals are to furious rage and how plainly they 

 show it. Many, and probably true, anecdotes have been 

 published on the long-delayed and artful revenge of various 

 animals. The accurate Rengger and Brehm* state that 

 the American and African monkeys which they kept tame 

 certainly revenged themselves. Sir Andrew Smith, a zoolo- 

 gist whose scrupulous accuracy was known to many persons, 

 told me the following story of which he was himself an eye- 

 witness: At the Cape of Good Hope an officer had often 

 plagued a certain baboon, and the animal, seeing him ap- 

 proaching one Sunday for parade, poured water into a hole 

 and hastily made some thick mud, which he skillfully 

 dashed over the officer as he passed by, to the amusement 

 of many bystanders. For long afterward the baboon re- 

 joiced and triumphed whenever he saw his victim. 



The love of a dog for his master is notorious ; as an old 

 writer quaintly says: f "A dog is the only thing on this 

 earth that luvs you -more than he luvs himself." 



In the agony of death a dog has been known to caress his 

 master, and every one has heard of the dog suffering under 

 vivisection, who licked the hand of the operator; this man, 

 unless the operation was fully justified by an increase of our 

 knowledge, or unless he had a heart of stone, must have 

 felt remorse to the last hour of his life. 



As Whewell | has well asked : " Who that reads the 



* All the following statements, given on the authority of these two 

 naturalists, are taken from Rengger's "Naturgesch. der Saugethiere 

 von Paraguay," 1830, s. 41-57, and from Brehm's " Thierleben," B. 

 i, s. 10-87. 



f Quoted by Dr. Lauder Lindsay, in his " Physiology of Mind in 

 the Lower Animals;" "Journal of Mental Science," April, 1871, p. 

 38. 



\ '< Bridgewater Treatise," p. 263. 



