MORAL SENSE. 115 



share the booty. Social animals mutually defend each other. 

 Bull bisons in North America, when there is danger, drive 

 the cows and calves into the middle of the herd, while they 

 defend the outside. I shall also in a future chapter give an 

 account of two young wild bulls at Chillingham attacking 

 an old one in concert, and of two stallions together trying 

 to drive away a third stallion from a troop of mares. In 

 Abyssinia, Brehm encountered a great troop of baboons 

 who were crossing a valley ; some had already ascended 

 che opposite mountain, and some were still in the valley; 

 the latter were attacked by the dogs, but the old males im- 

 mediately hurried down from the rocks, and with mouths 

 widely opened, roared so fearfully that the dogs quickly 

 drew back. They were again encouraged to the attack; but 

 by this time all the baboons had reascended the heights, 

 excepting a young one about six months old, who, loudly 

 calling for jid, climbed on a block of rock and was sur- 

 rounded, jtfow one of the largest males, a true hero, came 

 down again from the mountain, slowly went to the young 

 one, coaxed him, and triumphantly led him away the dogs 

 being too much astonished to make an attack. I cannot 

 resist giving another scene which was witnessed by this 

 same naturalist ; an eagle seized a young Cercopithecus, 

 which, by clinging to a branch, was not at once carried off; 

 it cried loudly for assistance, upon which the other mem- 

 bers of the troop, with much uproar, rushed to the rescue, 

 surrounded the eagle, and pulled out so many feathers that 

 he no longer thought of his prey, but only how to escape. 

 This eagle, as Brehm remarks, assuredly would never again 

 attack a single monkey of a troop. * 



It is certain that associated animals have a feeling of love 

 for each other which is not felt by non-social adult animals. 

 How far in most cases they actually sympathize in the pains 

 and pleasures of others is more doubtful, especially with 

 respect to pleasures. Mr, Buxton, however, who had excel- 

 lent means of observation, f states that his macaws, which 



* Mr. Belt gives the case of a spider-monkey (Ateles) in Nicaragua, 

 which was heard screaming for nearly two hours in the forest, and 

 was found with an eagle perched close by it. The hird apparently 

 feared to attack as long as it remained face to face; and Mr. Belt be- 

 lieves, from what he has seen of the habits of these monkeys, that 

 they protect themselves from eagles by keeping two or three 

 together. " The Naturalist in Nicaragua," 1874, p. 118. 



f " Annals of Mag. of Nat. Hist.-" Nov., 1868, p. 383. 



