SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS. 635 



European women are perhaps the brighter colored of the 

 two sexes, as may be seen when- both have been equally 

 exposed. 



Man is more courageous, pugnacious and energetic than 

 woman, and has a more inventive genius. His brain is 

 absolutely larger, but whether or not proportionately to his 

 larger body, has not, I believe, been fully ascertained. In 

 woman the face is rounder; the jaws and the base of the 

 skull smaller; the outlines of the body rounder, in parts 

 more prominent; and her pelvis is broader than in irin;* 

 but this latter character may perhaps be considered rather 

 as a primary than a secondary sexual character. She comes 

 to maturity at an earlier age than man. 



As with animals of all classes, so with man, the dis- 

 tinctive characters of the male sex are not fully developed 

 until he is nearly mature; and, if emasculated, they never 

 appear. The beard, for instance, is a secondary sexual 

 character, and male children are beardless, though at an 

 early age they have abundant hair on the head. It is 

 probably due to the rather late appearance in life of the 

 successive variations whereby man has acquired his mascu- 

 line characters that they are transmitted to the male sex 

 alone. Male and female children resemble each other 

 closely, like the young of so many other animals in which 

 the adult sexes differ widely; they likewise resemble the 

 mature female much more closely than the mature male. 

 The female, however, ultimately assumes certain distinctive 

 characters, and, in the formation of her skull, is said to be 

 intermediate between the child and the man. f Again, as 

 the young of closely allied though distinct species do not 

 differ nearly so much from each other as do the adults, so 

 it is with the children of the different races of man. Some 

 have even maintained that race - differences cannot be 

 detected m the infantile skull. J In regard to color, the 

 new-born negro child is reddish nut-brown, which soon 

 becomes slaty -gray; the black color being fully developed 



*Ecker, translation in "Anthropological Review," Oct., 1868, pp. 

 351-356. The comparison of the 'form of the skull in men and 

 women has been followed out with much care by Welcker. 



f Ecker and Welcker, ibid, pp, 352, 355; Vogt, "Lectures on 

 Man," Eng. translat., p. 81. 



J Schaaffhausen, " Anthropolog. Review," ibid, p. 429, 



