636 THE DESCENT OF MAN. 



within a year in the Soudan, but not until three years in 

 Egypt. The eyes of the negro are at first blue, and the 

 hair chestnut-brown rather than black, being curled only 

 at the ends. The children of the Australians immediately 

 after birth are yellowish-brown, and become dark at a later 

 age. Those of the Gunaranys of Paraguay are whitish- 

 yellow, but they acquire, in the course of a few weeks, the 

 yellowish-brown tint of their parents. Similar observations 

 have been made in other parts of America.* 



I have specified the foregoing differences between the 

 male and female sex in mankind, because they are curiously 

 like those of the Quadrumana. With these animals 

 the female is mature at an earlier age than the male; at 

 least this is certainly the case in Cebus azarce. f The males 

 of most species are larger and stronger than the females, 

 of which fact the gorilla affords a well-known instance. 

 Even in so trifling a character as the greater prominence 

 of the superciliary ridge, the males of certain monkeys 

 differ from the females,^ and agree in this respect with 

 mankind. In the gorilla and certain other monkeys the 

 cranium of the adult male presents a strongly marked 

 sagittal crest, which is absent in the female; and Ecker 

 found a trace of a similar difference between the two sexes 

 in the Australians. With monkeys, when there is any 

 difference in the voice, that of the male is the more pow- 

 erful. We have seen that certain male monkeys have a 

 well-developed beard, which is quite deficient,* or much less 

 developed, in the female. No instance is known of the 

 beard, whiskers or mustache being larger in the female than 

 in the male monkey. Even in the color of the beard there 

 is a curious parallelism between man and the Quadrumana, 



*Pruner-Bey, on negro infants, as quoted by Vogt, " Lectures on 

 Man," Eng. translat., 1864, p. 189; for further facts on negro infants, 

 as quoted from Winterbottom and Camper, see Lawrence, " Lectures 

 on fiiys.ology," etc., 1822, p. 451. For the infants of the Gunaranvs 

 see Rengger, " Saugethiere," etc., s. 3. See also Godron, " De 

 1'Espece," torn, ii, 1859, p. 253. For the Australians, Waitz, " Intro- 

 duct, to Anthropology," Eng. translat., 1863, p. 99. 



f Rengger, "Saugethiere," etc,-, 1830, s. 19. 



,!"As in Macacus cynomolgus (Desmarest, " Mammal ogie," p. 65), 

 and in Hyldbates agilis (Geoff roy St.-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, "Hist. 

 Nat. des Mamm.," 1824, torn, i, p. 2). 



" Anthropological Review," Oct., 1868, p. 353. 



