SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS. 645 



good, we might conclude (but I here exceed my proper 

 bounds) that the inherited effects of the early education of 

 boys and girls would be transmitted equally to both sexes; 

 so that the present inequality in mental power between the 

 sexes would not be effaced by a similar course of early 

 training; nor can it have been caused by their dissimilar 

 early training. In order that woman should reach the 

 same standard as man, she ought, when nearly adult, to be 

 trained to energy and perseverance and to have her reason 

 and imagination exercised to the highest point; and then 

 she would probably transmit these qualities chiefly to her 

 adult daughters. All women, however, could not be thus 

 raised, unless during many generations those who excelled 

 in the above robust virtues were married and produced off- 

 spring in larger numbers than other women. As before 

 remarked of bodily strength, although men do not now 

 fight for their wives, and this form of selection has passed 

 away, yet during manhood they generally undergo a severe 

 struggle in order to maintain themselves and their families; 

 and this will tend to keep up or even increase their mental 

 powers, and, as a consequence, the present inequality be- 

 tween the sexes.* 



Voice and Musical Powers. In some species of Quadru- 

 mana there is a great difference between the adult sexes, 

 in the power of their voices and in the development of 

 the vocal organs; and man appears to have inherited this 

 difference from his early progenitors. His vocal cords are 

 about one-third longer than in woman, or than in boys ; 

 and emasculation produces the same effect on him as on 

 the lower animals, for it " arrests that prominent growth of 

 the thyroid, etc., which accompanies the elongation of the 

 cords. "\ With respect to the cause of this difference 

 between the sexes, I have nothing to add to the remarks in 



* An observation by Vogt bears on this subject: he says, " It is a 

 remarkable circumstance, that the differences between the sexes, as 

 regards the cranial cavity, increases with the development of the 

 race, so that the male European excels much more the female, than 

 the negro the negress. Welcker confirms this statement of Huschke 

 from his measurements of negro and German skulls." But Vogt 

 admits ("Lectures on Man," Eng. translat., 1864, p. 81) that more 

 observations are requisite on this point. 



fOwen, "Anatomy of Vertebrates," vol. iii, p. 603. 



