SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS. 659 



women to retain their good looks.* In several regions the 

 women wear charms and use love-philters to gain the affec- 

 tions of the men; and Mr. Brown enumerates four plants 

 used for this purpose by the women of Northwestern 

 America, f 



Hearne, { an excellent observer, who lived many years 

 with the American Indians, says, in speaking of the women: 

 " Ask a Northern Indian what is beauty, and he will 

 answer, a broad flat face, small eyes, high cheek-bones, 

 three or four broad black lines across each cheek, a low 

 forehead, a large broad chin, a clumsy hook nose, a tawny 

 hide and breasts hanging down to the belt." Pallas, who 

 visited the northern parts of the Chinese empire, says: 

 " Those women are preferred who have the Mandschu 

 form; that is to say, a broad face, high cheek-bones, very 

 broad noses, and enormous ears;" and Vogt remarks that 

 the obliquity of the eye, which is proper to the Chinese 

 and Japanese, is exaggerated in their pictures for the pur- 

 pose, as it " seems, of exhibiting its beauty, as contrasted 

 with the eye of the red-haired barbarians." It is well 

 known, as Hue repeatedly remarks, that the Chinese of the 

 interior think Europeans hideous, with their white 

 skins and prominent noses. The nose is far from being 

 too prominent, according to our ideas, in the natives of 

 Ceylon; yet "the Chinese in the seventh century, accus- 

 tomed to the flat features of the Mongol races, were sur- 

 prised at the prominent noses of the Cingalese; and Thsang 

 described them as having ' the beak of a bird, with the 

 body of a man." ; 



Finlayson, after minutely describing the people of 

 Cochin China, says that their rounded heads and faces are 

 their chief characteristics; and, he adds, "the roundness 

 of the whole countenance is more striking in the women, 



* See for references, Gerland ' ' Ueber das Aussterben der Natur- 

 volker," 1868, ss. 51, 53, 55; also Azara, "Voyages," etc., torn, ii, p. 

 116. 



f On the vegetable productions used by the Northwestern Ameri- 

 can Indians, "Pharmaceutical Journal," vol. x. 



\ " A Journey from Prince of Wales Fort," 8vo. edit., 1796, p. 89. 



Quoted by Prichard, " Phys. Hist, of Mankind," 3d edit., vol. iv, 

 1844, p. 519; Vogt, " Lectures on Man," Eng. translat. p. 129. On 

 the opinion of the Chinese on the Cingalese, E. Tennent, "Ceylon," 

 1859, vol. ii, p. 107. 



