DUTY ON MANUFACTURES loi 



first, to fill her own markets, and second, to send 

 abroad in exchange for that part of the food and 

 raw material she needs for her use, and must pay 

 for ; and for the few wholly manufactured goods, 

 in making which foreign nations still retain 

 some advantage over her. These are principally 

 manufactured goods. 



In the second grade are articles which Great 

 Britain can and does produce herself, but not 

 in the quantities she requires for her own use : 

 and it is characteristic that these articles are 

 produced abroad in very great quantities, over 

 wide areas in all parts of the earth. Such are 

 wheat, oats, timber, hides, and wool. 



In the third grade are the articles of the third 

 class which come nearest to capital of the second 

 class, and are also articles which Great Britain 

 does not and cannot produce herself It is 

 characteristic that these articles, though produced 

 in very many parts of the earth, are not pro- 

 duced in great quantities. Such are certain food 

 products, as tea, coffee, sugar, and cocoa, which 

 may or may not be considered necessities accord- 

 ing to the point of view of the consumer. 



A revenue can certainly be raised by levying 

 duties on foreign goods of the first grade. The 

 United States of America, Russia, Germany, and 

 most other countries do actually, at this present 

 time, raise some part of their revenues in this 

 way. They do this in spite of the fact that their 

 tariffs are very high, so high as to be intended 

 for prohibition. 



The objections to tariffs which, however high, 

 7* 



