TARIFF REFORM 143 



in Great Britain, and this would be most objec- 

 tionable, so objectionable that it would be 

 necessary to prevent it by Act of Parliament. 

 Such an Act would be itself an Aliens Act ; and 

 it would be far preferable to have a complete 

 Act, doing the greatest good, than a small measure, 

 doing the least possible good. 



Viewed in relation to co-operation, the Small 

 Holdings Act becomes very important, so im- 

 portant that its consideration is deferred to the 

 next chapter. 



In addition to these changes, a careful reform 

 of the tariff was stated, in the third proposition, 

 to be a probable necessity in due course. What 

 is the object of Tariff Reform ? It is to induce 

 manufacturers to fill the home market with goods 

 of the kind they make. A certain amount of 

 additional employment will be the consequence, 

 partly owing to the greater quickness of returns 

 in the home trade, and to the increased demand 

 for commodities set up by this increase of em- 

 ployment. This additional employment will be 

 partly the consequence of retaining at home 

 capital at present going abroad to pay, sometimes 

 the whole, sometimes a part of the duties levied 

 by foreign countries on goods sent to them in 

 exchange for their own goods. 



Additional employment is exactly what is 

 wanted to make a scheme of co-operation suc- 

 cessful. As long as a number of men, capable 

 of doing good work, are unemployed, the scheme 

 is not successful. 



Every Chancellor of the Exchequer has been 



