158 



SURGICAL APPLIED ANATOMY. [Chap. x. 



to a curved line arching from the third right cartilage 

 at the sternum to the seventh right chondro-sternal 

 articulation, and reaching about 1^ inches from the 

 middle line. Its lower border follows a line from the 



Fig. 16. Diagram to show the relations of the Heart to the Surface. 

 (4/ter Eiidinger.) 



a, Left innominate vein ; 6, right innominate vein : c, superior vena cava ; d, right 

 auricle ; e, inferior vena cava ; /, aorta ; g, pulmonary artery ; h, right ven- 

 tricle ; i, left ventricle ; j, left auricle. 



seventh right chondro-sternal articulation to the apex. 

 Its apex is opposite the fifth interspace, 3^ inches to 

 the left of the middle line. Its left border is repre- 

 sented by ail arched line drawn from the apex to the 

 third left cartilage at the sternum. 



The orifice of the pulmonary artery is behind the 

 upper edge of the third left cartilage close to the 



