2O2 SURGICAL APPLIED ANATOMY. [Chap. xn. 



inner flap show portions of the deltoid muscle. 

 Along its lower border from before backwards are 

 sections of the pectoralis major, the short head 

 of the biceps and coraco-brachialis, the axillary 

 vessels and nerves, the latissimus dorsi and teres 

 major, the triceps, and the posterior portion of the 

 deltoid. The trunks of the posterior circumflex 

 artery and nerve are found divided on the posterior 

 part of the surface of the flap, between the sections of 

 the triceps and deltoid, and not far from the axigle 

 between the two flaps. 



Oval method (Spence). The parts cut and the 

 order of their division are practically the same as 

 obtain in the anterior and inferior borders of the two 

 flaps made in the previous method. The anterior 

 incision being a little more vertical than is the gap 

 between the two flaps, divides more of the pectoralis 

 major and cuts the cephalic vein higher up. The 

 posterior circumflex vessels and nerve are separated 

 from the bone by the finger and are retained, one 

 advantage of the procedure being that only a few of 

 the terminal branches of that artery are divided. 



CHAPTER XII. 



THE ARM. 



THE arm, upper arm, or brachial region is con- 

 sidered to extend from the axilla above to the region 

 of the elbow below. 



Surface anatomy. In women, and in those 

 who are fat, the outline of the arm is rounded and fairly 

 regular. It is less regular in the muscular, in whom 

 it may be represented by a cylinder, somewhat 



