chap, xxiu.] THE ANKLE AND FOOT. 461 



upper third of the leg, by means of a single flap cut 

 from the calf. It serves to show the relations of the 

 chief parts divided, and gives a good idea of the stump 

 that would be left in an amputation by an anterior 

 skin flap and a posterior transfixion flap cut from the 

 calf. In Fig. 53 is shown a transverse section of the 

 leg at the lower third, from which can be gathered an 

 idea of the number and position of the parts cut in 

 amputations through that part. 



CHAPTER XXIII. 



THE ANKLE AND FOOT. 



Surface anatomy. Bony points. The outlines 

 of the two inalleoli can be very distinctly defined. 

 The external is somewhat the less prominent, descends 

 lower, and lies farther back than the internal process. 

 The tip of the outer malleolus is about half an inch 

 behind and below the tip of the corresponding bony 

 prominence. The antero-posterior diameter, however, 

 of the internal malleolus is such that its posterior 

 border is on a level with that of the outer process 

 behind. 



On the dorsum of the foot the individual tarsal 

 bones are not to be distinguished, although the 

 astragalus forms a distinct projection upon that 

 surface when the foot is fully extended. 



On the inner side of the foot the tuberosity of the 

 os calcis may be felt most posteriorly. In front of it, 

 and about one inch vertically below the inner malleo- 

 lus, is the projection of the sustentaculum tali. About 

 one and a quarter inches in front of the malleolus the 

 tubercle of the scaphoid can be distinctly made out. 



