and that the vessels of small twigs are larger in pro- 

 portion than those of the trunk, and consequently con- 

 tain more moisture. It follows, that being surprised by 

 a hard winter, before their juices are diminished, or 

 changed into a glutinous nature, which does not so easily 

 freeze the vessels of the tree must necessarily burst. 

 Consequently their juice must be extravasuted, and so 

 cans^, as in animals, the death of the tree, by a kind of 

 bleeding, which nothing can stop. 



In the great frost in l6S3, oaks, ashes, and walnut- 

 trees, were cleft in two, and frequently with a terrible 

 noise, and not only their bodies, but their branches and 

 roots also. In 1708, the frost was almost through all 

 Europe, except Scotland and Ireland. All the orange- 

 trees and olives in Italy, Provence, and many other 

 countries, perished, and all the walnut-trees in France, 

 with an infinity of other trees. In England most of the 

 bay-trees, hollies, rosemary, and even furze, perished. > 

 The sap also of wail-trees stagnated in the branches, 

 and produced disorders resembling cliill-blains. . And 

 the very buds of the finer trees were quite killed, and 

 turned into a kind of mealy substance. 



In 1728, toward the end of November, the wind 

 blew exceeding cold, followed by so heavy a snow, as 

 in one night broke off large arms of many ever-green 

 trees. At this time, also, there was a great number of 

 large trees d is barked. Two West -India Plane-trees, ia 

 particular, in the physic-garden at Chelsea, which were 

 wear forty feet high, and a fathom in circumference, 

 were disbarked almost from the bottom to the top, on 

 the west-side of the trees. And it was observable, that 

 whatever trees were disbarked, it was on the west or 

 south-west side. 



On the fourteenth of December, 175.9, there was at 

 Petersburg the most excessive cold weather that ever 

 was known, even to 205 degrees of De Lisle's ther- 

 mometer. At that time Professor Braun repeated Fah- 

 renheit's experiments, in order to produce excessive cold 



