Botany. 37 



ALLIANCE II. FAGALES. 



N.O. 1. BETULACE& (Cupulifera, B. < H.). All monce- 

 cious wind-pollinated flowers. 



1390. CARPINUS betulus, L. (HORNBEAM), S.Woods, copses, hedges ; 



somewhat rare in the district, and where found prob. alw. 

 planted. Very common in Epping Forest. 



1. Well -grown tree on footpath of Houston Road, Perry 



Hill, Catford. W.H.G. 



2. Avery Hill, '07. J.F.B. 



3. Hirst Woods, Bexley, '06. Miss Pearce. 



4. Sundridge Avenue (fine trees). Sc. 



5. Nr. Fanny-on-the-Hill, E. Wickham (enclosed), '07. 



J.F.B. and W.H.G. 



1391. CORYLUS avellana, L. (HAZEL), 23. Ab. in woods, hedges 



and thickets, but nuts are not formed in the neighbourhood 

 of populated, and therefore smoky, districts. 



(375) BETULA, L. (BIRCH). 



1385. B. verrucosa, Ehrh. (ALBA, Koch), 4 5. Woods, commons ; 



freq. Fls. protogynous. The most beautiful specimens in 

 the dist. are prob. those on Pauls Cray Common. 



1386. B. pubescens, Ehrh. 4 5. Moors, heaths and damp copses. 



1. Chislehurst Common. M. 

 a. Nr. Woolwich (old record). 



1389. ALNUS glutinosa, Medic. (ALDER), 3 4. Wet places; very 

 common on the banks of streams. 



N.O. 2. FAGACEM (Cupuliferce, B. & H.}. 



1394. FAGUS sylvatica, L. (BEECH), 45. Native, but freq. planted; 

 ab. on the chalk. Monoecious, protogynous wind flowers. 



1393. CASTANEA vulgaris, Lam. (SATIVA, Miller). The SWEET or 

 SPANISH CHESTNUT. An alien and calcifuge from the Medit. 

 region, freq. planted. It is said not to reproduce itself from 

 seed in this country, but young seedlings, presumably 

 self-grown, are freq. found in woods. V. common in the 

 district ; a fine avenue in Greenwich Park. 



a. Fossil fragments of wood in brick-earth pit between 

 Erith and Crayford, together with palaeolithic 

 flakes ; therefore prob. a native in Pleistocene 

 times. If so, the climate was warmer then than it is 

 now. (Ridley, /. of Bot., '85.) But a fragment 

 of wood of Castanea is hardly to be distinguished 

 from that of Quercus sessiliflora. 

 (379) QUERCUS, L. (OAK). 



