and Baldwin's] may be called a Real Dairy Ranch. It embraces 550 acres, and 

 upon it are 250 head of stock, all told, usually 100 milkers; they now milk 60 

 cows; and the success of this Dairy should stimulate every one in the Dairy 

 business." 130 



The layout of the ranch and the quality of its buildings especially 

 impressed the writer: 



The whole arrangement of barn-yards, corrals, pens 

 for swine, domestic fowls, and all that appertains to a 

 well arranged farm and dairy, gives evidence that 

 what is worth doing at all is worth doing well. The 

 large barn and hay-sheds were well filled with hay 

 this past winter, with tubs of potatoes and roots for 

 stock. . . . The Dairy-rooms are perfectly neat and 

 sweet, average temperature 60 degrees. Here is an 

 excellent churn, home-made, which churns 70 to 87 

 pounds at a churning, requiring 30 minutes and does 

 up the work well. Messrs. K. & B. market their own 

 butter. We noticed with pleasure, as a credit to the 

 ranch, good dry stalls where 50 to 75 cows can be 

 placed within warm stalls during stormy weather, or 

 sheltered in hot weather. The milking corral is on a 

 dry round knoll, with four large oaks for shelter, 

 selected with reference to comfort and dryness, as the 

 water rolls off as it falls. Pasture for the cows is 

 divided off so as to give fresh feed at all times. Noble 

 large oaks shelter the dwelling and the dairy-house 

 from the heat of summer. ... A young orchard of 200 

 trees upon a good spot, with small fruits, will give 

 luxuries to the table. A fine breed of swine take the 

 waste milk, which is conveyed from the dairy-house in 

 a wooden trunk under ground to a trough in the yard 

 for the swine, thus saving great labor. 



Baldwin and Karner were no doubt doing well financially, as the 

 correspondent provided a detailed look at the books of the ranch during the 

 preceding three years: 



. . . And what was the result for the winter. We take 

 the dairy record: The months of January and 



''"Population and Agriculture Schedules, 8th U. S. Census, 1860; The California Farmer. 

 March 28, 1862, p. 1. 



244 



