what is now parkland since the Spaniards arrived in 

 1776. As a result of heavy grazing, trampling, and the 

 introduction of Mediterranean grass species, the 

 species composition of the original grasslands has 

 changed significantly. Now, when grazing is 

 discontinued the disruption of the system allows 

 invasion by exotics and the encroachment of coastal 

 scrub communities, into what has historically been 

 grasslands. In addition to the aesthetic impacts, this 

 change reduces the amount of "edge" available as 

 important wildlife habitat, it diminishes the ability to 

 restore native coastal prairie species, and it could lead 

 to a sizeable decrease in biological diversity. 



The park's General Management Plan (GMP), approved in 1980, denotes 

 a Pastoral Landscape Management Zone which includes portions of the Olema 

 Valley north of Five Brooks but which does not follow historic ranch 

 boundaries. The zone includes lands "with which it has been determined that 

 dairying and cattle ranching are desirable aspects of the scene from both an 

 educational and aesthetic point of view. At a minimum, agricultural buildings 

 and open grasslands will be retained in these areas, and where feasible, 

 livestock grazing will continue within the limits of carefully monitored range 

 capacities." It should be noted that grazing has more than a 200 year history in 

 the area. Prehistoric mammals are known to have grazed extensively and, 

 more recently, large herds of elk roamed the region. 



The park's List of Classified Structures (LCS), which includes most 

 structures in the Olema Valley, is also listed in the GMP. The LCS is being 

 updated at the time of this writing to include the structures in the Tocaloma 

 area as discussed in this report. 



The Olema Valley contains five ranches (Wilkins, Giacomini, Stewart, 

 Rogers and McFadden) that are in use as working ranches and occupied by the 

 original owners, and five ranch sites (Randall, Lupton, Truttman, Edwin 

 Gallagher and Genazzi) where grazing is allowed under permit; there are three 

 ranch complexes (Truttman, Hagmaier and Teixeira) that are used as park or 

 private housing, and two old houses at Five Brooks under reservations; all of 

 these potentially contribute to a proposed historic district on the National 

 Register of Historic Places. The copper mining site in the valley appears to 

 contribute, although it is not directly related to the ranching activity. In the 

 Tocaloma area are three operating ranches (Zanardi, Mclsaac and Cheda) and 



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