15 



longer and with two or three whorls of tubercles. The middle whorl is in the centre of the 

 spicule, so that the middle zone, so characteristic of the spicules of the ccenenchyma, is 

 here absent". 



This seems to have been the last formal definition of the genus, that of WRIGHT and 

 STUDER in the Challenger Report (1889) being merely a translation of it, and may well stand 

 as a characterization of the genus for our present purposes. 



The type, and only known species is Ctenocella pectinata (Pallas). 



i. Ctenocella pectinata (Pallas). 



Gorgonia pectinata Pallas. Elenchus Zoophytorum, 1766, p. 179. 



Gorgonia pectinata Ellis and Solander. Natural History of Zoophytes, 1786, p. 85. 



Gorgonia pectinata Lamouroux. Histoire des Polypiers coralligenes flexibles, 1816, p. 416. 



Ctenocella pectinata Valenciennes. Comptes rendus, XLI, 1855, p. 14. 



Ctenocella pectinata Milne Edwards et Haime. Histoire Naturelle des Coralliaires, 1857, p. 185. 



Ctenocella pectinata Gray. Catalogue Lithophytes in the Collections of the British Museum, 



1870, p. 26. 



Gorgonella pectinata Kolliker. Icones Histiologicae, II, 1865, p. 140. 

 Ctenocella pectinata Studer. Monatsbericht der Konigl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 



1878, p. 657. 



Ctenocella pectinata Studer. Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonarien, 1887, p. 68. 

 Ctenocella pectinata Saville Kent. Great Barrier Reef of Australia, 1893, p. 200. 

 Ctenocella pectinata Studer. Alcyonarien aus der Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums in 



Liibeck, 1894, p. 119. 



Stat. 273. Anchorage off Pulu Jedan, East coast of Aru Islands. 13 meters. 

 Stat. 299. io52'.4S., 123 i'. i E. Cyrus Bay, Rotti Island. 34 meters. 

 *Dutch South New Guinea. Dr. J. W. R. KOCH leg. 1904. 



Like many other well known and striking forms this species seems not to have received 

 detailed description. 



Colony 21 cm. high and with a spread of 37.5 cm. The main stem is 2 cm. long and 

 with a diameter of 5 mm. The main branches into which the stem forks extend almost hori- 

 zontally outward proximally and then curve gradually upward in their distal portions. They 

 have a basal diameter of 4 mm. and the longest one is 22.5 cm. in length. The branchlets 

 are erect, strictly unilateral, parallel and usually simple. Occasionally, however, they are forked, 

 and the proximal one on each branch bears ultimate branchlets which are also erect and 

 parallel. The branchlets have an average diameter of about 2.3 mm., are closely set, regularly 

 spaced and average about 4 to 5mm. apart. The longest one is 14 cm. long. There are 

 33 branchlets on one branch and 34 on the other. 



The median bare space is not well marked on the front and back of the branches, the 

 calyces being distributed on all sides but more sparsely on the front. 



The idividual calyces are very low verrucse, often practically obsolete, and their openings 

 are often so tightly closed as to be invisible. When not closed they are seen to be not at 

 the summit of the verrucae but exentric and often lateral, opening toward the side of the 

 calyx, or inclined distally. The calyces are small, and so low that their dimensions can not 



