2O Grape Culture. 



to make ten roots for every one they would otherwise make. 

 This, therefore, is an important item. Young vines are much 

 improved by throwing out a trench three or four feet from the 

 plants, from end to end of border. Just shave off every root 

 down to the drainage. Re-fil the trench with the same soil, 

 adding some fresh loam and a little vine manure. Mulch with 

 moss litter or similar material. 



CHAPTER VII. 

 TEMPERATURE : SECOND YEAR. 



IN this chapter I will endeavour to explain how to manage the 

 temperature or ventilation of the vinery the second year after 

 planting. On March ist apply a little fire heat and close the 

 house with sun heat early in the afternoon, keeping the tem- 

 perature from 50 to 55 by night, and 10 to 15 higher by 

 day. Keep the house moist as explained in a previous chapter, 

 and the buds will soon swell. If there is any danger of the 

 point bud running away before the others, let down the canes 

 to a horizontal position. As soon as all buds are fairly started, 

 tie up the canes again to the wires and increase the night 

 temperature to from 55 to 60, with 10 to 15 of a rise for 

 sun heat by day. Gradually increase the temperature at 

 night to 65 for such kinds as Black Hamburg. Muscats 

 require a much higher temperature, especially when in flower, 

 requiring to be kept at 70 by night ; day temperature 10 to 

 15 higher. Airing must be done only by top ventilators until 

 after the grapes are all well set, but a little chink may be ad- 

 mitted at the bottom when the day is very hot, gradually 

 increasing the supply as the day lengthens, both top and 

 bottom. 



Always avoid extreme hot pipes, even in cold weather, as 

 this does more harm often than letting the temperature down. 

 If houses are kept 5 higher by day than that recommended for 

 night by artificial means, it is ample. 



