178 



CYPERACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) 



224. C. lancastriensis. 



225. C. hystricinus. 

 (1-2.5 cm. long), strongly 



skort-cylindric or obovoid close heads, soon reflexed, 0.8- 

 1.5 cm. long, of 3-6 narrow scales, the upper and lower 

 empty, nearly twice the length of the linear-oblong 

 achene. Rich soil, N. J. and Pa. to Ga. FIG. 224. 



25. C. hystricinus 

 Fernald. Slender; the 

 smooth rigid culm 2-5 

 dm. high, much exceed- 

 ing the stiff narrow (2-5 

 mm. broad} smooth 

 leaves; umbel of 3-10 

 simple smooth rays, 

 mostly shorter than the 

 involucre ; spikelets 1-2- 

 flowered, subulate, rigid, 

 3-7 mm. long, densely 



crowded in cylindric or narrowly obovoid heads 



reflexed, golden-brown at maturity ; scales closely appressed, the fertile strongly 

 nerved, the terminal involute-subulate; achene linear, 2-2.5 mm. long. Dry 

 sand, N. J. to Ga. FIG. 225. 



26. C. dipsacif6rmis Fernald. Culm scabrous, at least above, 2.5-8 dm. 

 high ; leaves shorter than the culm, scabrous-hispid above, 4-0 mm. wide ; umbel 

 4-12-rayed, some of the smooth rays equaling the involucre ; 

 spikelets 1-3-flowered, subulate, rigid, 6-11 mm. long, crowded 

 in cylindric or subcylindric heads (1.5-4 cm. long), strongly 

 deflexed, yellow-brown at maturity ; fertile 

 scales with green midribs ; achene 3 mm. 

 long. Sandy barrens and dry woods, N. J. 

 to Ky. and Ga. FIG. 226. 



27. C. retrofrdctus (L.) Torr. Culm 

 (0.3-1 in. high) minutely downy and rough 

 on the obtusish angles; leaves hairy, short 

 and stiff, 0.4-1 cm. wide, the margins becom- 

 ing revolute ; umbel with 4-12 upright usu- 

 ally scabrous rays mostly longer than the 



involucre; spikelets slender-awl-shaped, very numerous in 

 turbinate-obovoid greenish or drab heads (1-2.5 cm. long), 

 soon strongly reflexed, l-2-floicercd in the 

 middle (5-8 mm. long) ; scales usually 4 

 or 5, the two lowest ovate and empty, the 

 fertile lanceolate and pointed, the upper- 

 most involute-awl-shaped ; achene linear, 

 2.5-3 mm. long. Sandy or rocky soil, | ty 



N. J. to Fla. and Tex. ; northw. in the low 

 country to Mo. FIG. 227. 



28. C. ovularis (Michx.) Torr. Culm 



smooth, sharply triangular (2.5-7 dm. high) ; um- 

 bel 1-6-rayed ; spikelets (50-100) in a globular 

 head, ^-flowered, oblong, blunt (3-5 mm. long) ; 

 scales ovate, obtuse, a little longer than the linear- 

 oblong achene. Sandy dry soil, s. N. Y. to 111., 

 Kan., and south w. ; rarely on ballast, Mass. FUJ. 

 228. Var. i;<mf sirs Boeckl. is a form with large- 

 heads, the spikelets 3-4-flowered (7-10 mm. long). 

 111. to Ark., and south w. 



20. C. cylindricus (Ell.) Britton. Similar to 

 the last, but the heads short-cylindrical; spik*-l<tx 

 usually 2-flowered. (C. Torreyi Britton.) L.I. 

 to Fla., w. to Tex. FIG. 220. 

 230. C. echinatus. 30. C. echinatus (Ell.) Wood. Culm smooth 



226. C. dipsacifonnis. 



227. C. retrofractus. 



C. ovularis. 



229. C. cylindricus. 



