190 



CYPERACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) 



278 S planifolius 



279. S. caespitosus. 

 Culms slender, 



280. S. hudsonianus. 



as long as the culm, and like it rough-edged ; outer scale 

 usually overtopping the ovoid or subcylindric straw-colored 

 or brownish spikelet ; bristles mostly about as long as the 

 achene. Dry open woods, Mass, and Vt. to Del., Pa., and 

 Mo. May, June. FIG. 278. 

 5. S. caespitbsus L. Culms terete, wiry, 1-5 dm. high, densely sheathed 

 at base, in compact turfy tufts ; the upper sheath bearing a very short awl- 

 shaped leaf ; spikelet ovoid, rust-color ; outer rigid-pointed 

 scale scarcely surpassing the spikelet ; bristles smooth, longer 

 than the abruptly short-pointed achene. Mts., cold shores 

 and swamps, Lab. to Alaska, s. to N. S., n. N. E., N. Y., 111., 

 Minn., etc. ; and on the summits of the s. 

 Alleghenies. (Eurasia.) FIG. 279. 



6. S. hudsonianus (Michx.) Fernald. 

 many in a row from a running rootstock (1.5-4 dm. high), 

 scabrous, naked ; sheaths at the base awl-tipped ; scales 

 brownish, oblong-lanceolate ; bristles white, crisped, many 

 times exceeding the narrowly obovoid apieulate arh <'>'. 

 (Eriophorum alpinum L., not S. alpinus Schleich.) Cold 

 bogs and wet shores. Nfd. to Hudson Bay and B. C., s. 

 to Ct -> N - Y -> Micn " and M ' inn - May-Aug. (Eu.) FIG. 

 280. 



7. S. sub termini lis Torr. Aquatic, rarely emersed ; 

 rootstock slender; culms (0.3-1 m. long, thickish-filiform) 

 partly and the shorter filiform leaves wholly submersed, 

 cellular ; the filiform green bract 1-5 cm. long, surpassing 

 the subcylindric to ovoid spikelet (6-13 mrn. long) ; scales 

 green or straw-color, somewhat pointed ; bristles bearded 

 downward, rather shorter than the abruptly pointed achene. 

 Slow streams and ponds, Nfd. to B. C., s. to N. J., Pa., 281. S. subtenninalis. 

 Mich., n. Ind., etc. FIG. 281. 



8. S. rufus (Huds.) Schrad. Freely stoloniferous ; culms 

 smooth, subterete, compressed, 1-6 cm. high, taller than the sub- 

 terete channeled callous-tipped firm mostly basal leaves ; */>/ 

 distichous, 1-2 cm. long, consisting of closely crowded 2-5-^?o?'vmZ 

 spikelets ; involucre 1-5 cm. long, sometimes wanting; scales 

 castaneous, conduplicate, pointed ; bristles 0, or 3-6, upwardly 

 barbellate, much shorter than the plano-convex ellipsoid long-beaked 

 282. s. rufus. achene (4.5-5.5 mm. long) . Brackish marshes, e. N. B. 

 and Que. July, Aug. (Eurasia.) FIG. 282. 



9. S. Hallii Gray. Culms slender, terete, 1-4 dm. high ; upper 

 sheath rarely distinctly leaf -bearing ; spikelets 1-7 in a sessile or 

 sometimes geminately r proliferous cluster, ovoid becoming cylindri- 

 cal, acute, greenish (0.5-1.5 cm. long); scales ovate, strongly keeled, 

 cuspidate-acuminate ; stamens 2 or 3 ; style 2-cleft ; ?>?/*//* 

 none; achene obovate-orbicular, mucronate, plano-convex, str<><il>j 

 wrinkled transversely. (S. supinus, var. Gray.) Wet shores, 111. 

 to Fla. and Tex.; also Winter Pond, Winchester, Mass. Aug., 

 Sept. FIG. 283. 



10. S. dSbilis Pursh. Culms obtusely triangular, with somewhat hollowed 



sides, 1-6 dm. high, yellowish-green, shining; spikelets 1-12, 

 capitate, ovoid, obtuse (0.5-1 cm. long) ; involucral loaf often 

 horizontal at maturity; scales roundish, with tawny margins; 

 stamens 3 ; style 2-3-cleft ; bristles 6, stout, downwardly barlu <!, 

 equaling or two surpassing the broadly obovoid tun/id abruptly 

 mucronate-pointed achene. Sandy or muddy shores, Me. to 

 Minn., and soutliw. Aug., Sept. FIG. 284. Var. WIII.IAM-II 

 Fernald. Hristlcs wanting. Massapoai;- L., Sharon, Mass. 



11. S. Smlthii Gray. Culms terete, slender. O..V i din. hiirh, 

 284. 8. debilis. often leaf-bearing from the upper sheath, dull green as aiv ihu 



283. S. Hallii. 



