198 



CYPERACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) 



3. F. simplex Valil. Perennial, 1-8 dm. high ; leaf-sheaths 

 hairy; pc rinn f/i -SCU/I-H ovate-oblong, the retrorsely barl>t <?/'//* 

 arising from below the tip, bristles equaling or exceeding the 



8. F. simplex, white achene. Sandy or saline soil, Mo. and Kan. to Mex. 



Fruit x 2%. Aug. -Oct. FIG. 308. 



II. micrantha. 

 Plant x %. Spikelet x 2%. 

 Achene x 10. 



12. HEMICARPHA Nees & Am. 



Spikelet, flowers, etc., as in Scirpus, except that 

 there is a minute translucent scale (readily overlooked) 

 between the flower and the axis of the spikelet. Sta- 

 men only 1. Style.2-cleft. Bristles or other perianth 

 none. (Name from rim-, half, and :ctp0os, straw or 

 chaff, in allusion to the single inner 

 scalelet.) 



1. H. micrantha (Vahl) Britton. 

 Dwarf or minute annual (0.2-15 dm. 

 high); involucre 1-leaved, as if a 

 continuation of the bristle-like culm, 

 and usually with another minute 



leaf; spikelets, 1-3, short-cylindric or ovoid (2-4 mm. long) ; 

 scales oblong or narrowly obovate, brown, tipped with a short 

 recurved point ; achenes cylindric, brown, slightly reticulated, 

 with many close rows of crowded low papillae, (H. sub- 

 squarrosa Nees.) Sandy borders of ponds 

 and rivers, N. H. to Fla., w. to the Pacific ; 

 chiefly on the coastal plain and in the flat 

 country of the interior. Aug. -Oct. (Mex., 

 S. A.) FIG. 309. 



2. H. Drumm6ndi Nees. Similar ; scales broadly obovate 

 or rhombic, the broad green midrib barely projecting as a blunt 

 oppressed tip ; achenes narrowly obovoid, ashy, scarcely reticu- 

 lated, the papillae fewer and somewhat remote. Damp sand, 

 etc., w. Ont., Ind., and 111. to Ark., Kan., arid Tex. July- 

 Oct. FIG. 310. 



3. H. occidentalis Gray. Spikelets globose, the wide-spread- 

 ing lanceolate or narrowly ovate scales tapering to slender re- 

 curved awns (as long as the blades") ; achenes as in the latter. 

 Damp sand, w. Ont. ; Wash, to Cal. July-Oct. FIG. 311. 



310. H. Drummondi. 

 Spikelet x 2%. 

 Achene x 10. 



311. H. occidental!*. 

 Spikelets x -J- ;i . 

 Achene x 10. 



13. LIPOCARPHA R. Br. 



Spikelets terete, many-flowered, in a terminal close cluster 

 involucrate by leafy bracts. Scales spatulate, regularly im- 

 bricated in many ranks, awnless, deciduous, a few of the 

 lowest empty. Inner scales (bracelets) 2 to each flower, thin, 

 one between the scale of the spikelet and the flower, one 

 between the latter and the axis of the spikelet. Stamens 1 

 or -2. Style 2-3-cleft. Achene flattish or triangular, naked 

 at the tip. Culms leafy at base. (Name formed of XtVos, 

 fat, and Kdp<f>os, <-lni[J\ fn>m the thickness of the inner scales 

 of some species.) 



1. L. maculata (Michx.) Torr. Annual; culm (0.5-2.6 

 dm. high) much longer than the linear concave leaves; 

 spikelets (8-4 mm. long) green and dark-spotted; inner 

 scales delicate ; stamen i ; achene oblong with a contracted 



base. Springy or miry places, Va. to Fla.; near Philadelphia, probably adv. 



July-Oct. FIG. :ili'. 



