CYPERACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) 



235 



440. C. Backii. 



441. C. Willdenowii. 



about 3 ; pistillate 2-5 ; perigynia gradually beaked ; scales 

 very broad and leaf-like, entirely enveloping the spike. (C. 

 durifolia Bailey.) Dry rocky or sandy wooded slopes, e. Que. 

 to Assina. and B. C., locally s. to Mass., N. Y., the Great Lake 

 region, Neb., and westw. May-July. FIG. 440. 



90. C. Willden6wii Schkuhr. Similar, 

 softer and paler; leaves 1.5-4 mm. wide; 

 spike compact ; pistillate flowers 3-9, stami- 

 nate 6-12 ; perigynia with a rougher beak ; 

 scales chaffy, nerved, as broad as and some- 

 what longer than the perigynia, or the 

 lowest rarely overtopping the spike. Rocky 

 woods, Mass, to Mich., and southw., local. 

 May- July. FIG. 441. 



91. C. Jamesii Schwein. Similar ; leaves 

 1-2 mm. wide, much surpassing the culm ; 

 spike very small ; staminate flowers 8-20 ; 



pistillate 1-3 and loosely disposed ; perigynia produced into a very long and 

 roughened nearly entire beak ; scales narrow, the lowest often elongate, the 



upper often shorter than the perigynia. Woods, N. Y. and Ont. 



to Mo., and southw.; frequent. May, June. FIG. 442. 



92. C. scirpoidea Michx. Strict, the pistillate plant mostly 

 stiff, 1-7 dm. high ; staminate plant smaller ; 



leaves flat, shorter than the culm; spike 1.5-4 

 cm. long, densely cylindrical, very rarely with a 

 rudimentary second spike at its base ; perigynia 

 ovoid, short-pointed, very hairy, exceeding the 

 ciliate purple scales. Arctic regions, s. by 

 cold streams and in alpine districts to Cape 

 Breton, N. S., n. N. E., n. N. Y., L. Huron, 

 Rocky Mts., etc. June-Aug. (Eurasia.) FIG. 

 443. 



93. C. umbellata Schkuhr. Low and con- 

 spicuously caespitose, forming dense mats 



leaves rather stiff, 0.5-4.5 dm. long, 1-4.5 mm. 

 wide ; culms mostly short and crowded at the base 

 of the leaves, or some elongate (rarely 2 dm.), 

 bearing either staminate or pistillate spikes, or both ; 

 pistillate spikes 0.5-1 cm. long, mostly sessile ; peri- 

 gynia plump, stipitate, pubernlent, 3.2-4.7 mm. 

 long, the slender beak nearly equaling the ellipsoid- 

 ovoid to subglobose body, and about equaled by 

 the acuminate green or purple-tinged scales. (C. deflexa, var. 

 media Bailey and var. Farwellii Britton.) Dry 

 sandy or rocky soil, P. E. I. to centr. Me., w. to A 



Sask. and B. C., s. to N. J., D. C., and I. T. Apr.- fi 



July. FIG. 444. Var. TONSA Fernald. Similar; 

 perigynia glabrous or merely puberulent on the 

 angles of the long beak. Local. FIG. 445. 



Var. brevir6stris Boott. Ferigynia smaller, the 

 broad beak about | as long as the hairy body. Que. to Sask. 

 and B. C., s. to n. N. E., N. Mex. and Cal. FIG. 

 446. 



94. C. nigro-marginata Schwein. Leaves mostly stiffer, often 

 2-4 dm. long, 2-4 mm. wide ; some of the culms prolonged ; 

 perigynia smooth or nearly so, fusiform, 3-4 mm. long ; scales 

 ordinarily purple-margined, giving the spikes a very dark or 

 variegated appearance, equaling or exceeding the perigynia. 

 Dry sandy or rocky soil, on the coastal plain, extending locally 447. c. 

 n. to Ct. Apr. -June. FIG. 447. 



442. C. Jamesii. 



443. C. scirpoidea. 



445. C. umb., 

 v. tousa. 



446. C. umb., 

 v. brev. 



444. C. umbellata. 



inarginata. 



