240 



CYPKII.ACKAK CSKIMJE FAMILY) 



(/ 



persisting through the winter, at least twice longer than the culm ; a 



purple scale at the base of the spike ; stmninate spike :i.o-0 cm. long, clavate in 

 anthesis, the purple scale.* emling in a very short and blunt wln'tixli 

 tip,' pistillate spike narrower and mostly longer, the scales more 

 abruptly contracted into a colored cusp and at length deciduous ; 

 perigynia much contracted below into a stipe-like base, very strongly 

 nerved, pointless, hairy above, covered by the scales. In a wooded 

 ravine near Bloomington, Ind. (Dudley) ; also Ala. and La. FIG. 471. 



117. C. eburnea Boott. Tufted from a rigid pale 

 brown stoloniferous base; culms capillary, iciry, 

 1-4 dm. high ; leaves involute-Jiliform, shorter than 

 theculin; staminate spike very small (4-8. mm. long), 

 sessile or very short-peduncled, overtopped by the two 

 upper pistillate spikes; pistillate spikes 2-4, approxi- 

 mate or the lowest remote, all stalked, erect, 2-6- 

 flowered ; perigynia very small (1.5-2 mm. long), 



471. C. nicta. almost nerveless, smooth and becoming black and 4T .> c. eburnea. 

 shining at full maturity ; scales white and thin, obtuse, 



shorter than the perigynia. ( C. setifolia Britton. ) Limestone ledges or shingle, 

 rarely in sand, e. Que. to the Mackenzie, s. locally to Va., 

 Ky., Mo., and Neb. May-Aug. FIG. 472. 



118. C. pedunculata Muhl. Low and diffuse, 0.5-3 dm. 

 high, forming mats ; leaves abundant, very green, flat and 

 firm, 2-5 mm. wide, mostly longer than the weak culm*; 

 staminate spike small, usually slightly pistillate at bate ; j>ixtil- 

 late spikes 2-4 on each culm, scattered and lonij-i-dn IK-IK! 

 from green sheaths, erect or spreading, many other sjn'krs 

 nearly or quite radical and very long-stalked, all 3-8-flowered ; 

 perigynia smooth or very slightly pubescent above, the short 

 and nearly entire beak somewhat oblique ; xc1?s green to 

 purple, truncate and cuspidate, mostly a little longer than the 

 perigynia. Rich woods and banks, e. Que. to 



Sask., s. to Va., O., Mich., and Minn. Apr.- 

 June. FIG. 473. 



119. C. concinna K. Br. Loosely caespi- 

 tose ; culms slender, curving, 0.5-2 dm. high ; 

 leaves dark green, mostly shorter, 1-3 nun. 



473. C. pedunculate. wide 5 staminate spike 4-7 mm. long, sessile or 

 short-peduncled ; pistillate 2 or :J, the upper 



sessile and approximate, 3-lQ-Jloioered ; perigynia narrowly trigonous-ov<>i</, 

 hairy, blunt, 2.5-3 mm. long, much exceeding the dark pale- 

 margined roundish scales. Mossy knolls and cold wooded 

 banks, e. Que. to the Mackenzie, s. to n. N. B., Ont. , and 

 Mont. June, July. Fin. 474. 



120. C. Richardsbni K. Br. Rather stiff, 1-3 dm. high ; 

 stoloniferous; sheaths short, purple or brown; leaves "2-\ 

 mm. wide ; staminate spike stout and mostly short-pi duncled, 

 1.5-2.5 cm. long; pistillate spikes 1-3, the very short stalks 

 included, erect, compact; perig;/iii<( <>/><>rt>i<}, linn, hairy, the 

 very short beak entire or erose ; scales brown, with <t COIIXJU'I-H- 



. ous white-hyaline margin, obtuse or pointless. Dry ground. 

 Ont, to B. C., s. to w. N. Y., 111., la., S. Dak., etc. May, 

 I une. FIG. 475. 



_ 121. C. plantagfnea Lam. Slender but erect, 2.6-5.5 dm. 

 high ; leaves veri/ firm, <i^i>i-(irhig nftrr t/n' //////> and per- 

 sisting over winter, shorter than the culm ; staminate spike 

 purple and clavate, stalked, 1 .3-2. 6 cm. lm- ; pistillate spikes 

 3-4, scattered, loosely few-flowered, 1-L>..~> cm. loiiir. erect, the 

 peduncles mostly included in the leafless sheutlm; />rri//i/)ii<( 

 475. C. Richardson!. 3-4.5 mm. long, sharply 3-angled, prominently beaked, slightly 



