294 LILIACEAE (LILY FAMILY) 



5. T. grandiflbrum (Michx.) Salisb. Leaves less broadly rhombic-ovate; 

 pedicel erect or ascending ; petals oblanceolate, often broadly so (4-6 cm. long), 

 white turning rose-color or marked with green ; stamens with stout filaments 

 (persistently green about the fruit) and anthers, exceeding the very slender erect 

 or suberect and somewhat coherent stigmas; fruit subglobose. Rich woods, 

 w. Que. and w. Vt. to Minn., Mo., and N. C. 



* -4-4. Anthers at anthesis surpassed by the stigmas. 



6. T. c6rnuum L. Leaves very broadly rhombic-ovate ; peduncles (833 mm. 

 long) usually recurved; petals white or pink, ovate- to oblong-lanceolate (12- 

 24 mm. long), wavy, recurved-spreading ; filaments nearly or quite equaling 

 the anthers; ovary white or pinkish ; stigmas stoutish, tapering from the base 

 to the apex; fruit ovoid. Moist woods, Nfd. to Man., southw. to Pa., Mich., 

 Minn., and in the mts. to Ga. 



7. T. declinatum (Gray) Gleason. Leaves broadly rhombic ; peduncles (4-6 

 cm. long) usually horizontal; petals white, ovate-oblong (2-3.5 cm. long); fila- 

 ments less than half as long as the anthers ; stigmas short, stout, tapering 

 from the base to the apex ; ovary white or pinkish. (T. erectum, var. Gray.) 

 Woods, O. and s. Mich, to s. Minn, and Mo. 



* * Ovary and fruit 3-lobed or -angled, not winged ; filaments slender, about 

 equaling the anthers; pedicel erect or inclined; leaves petiolate. 



8. T. nivale Riddell. (DWARF WHITE or SNOW T.) Small (5-10 cm. high) ; 

 leaves oval or ovate, obtuse (2.5-5 cm. long) ; petals oblong, obtuse (12-30 mm. 

 long), white, scarcely wavy, spreading from an erect base, equaling the 

 peduncle; styles long and slender; fruit depressed-globose, with 3 rounded 

 lobes, 6-8 mm. long. Rich woods, w. Pa. and Ky. to Minn, and la. 



9. T. undulatum Willd. (PAINTED T.) Leaves ovate, taper-pointed; petals 

 ovate or oval-lanceolate, pointed, wavy, widely spreading, white painted n-;th 

 purple stripes at the base, shorter than the peduncle ; fruit broad-ovoid, obtuse, 

 14-18 mm. long. ( T. erythrocarpum Michx. ) Cold damp woods and bogs, e. 

 Que. to Ont. and Wise., southw. in the mts. to Ga. 



32. ALETRIS L. COLIC-ROOT. STAR GRASS 



Perianth cylindrical, wrinkled and roughened outside by thickly set points, 

 the tube adhering below to the base of the ovary, 6-cleft at the summit. 

 Stamens 6, inserted at the base of the lobes ; filaments and anthers short, 

 included. Style awl-shaped, 3-cleft at the apex ; stigmas minutely 2-lobed. 

 Capsule ovoid, beaked, inclosed in the roughened perianth ; seeds numerous, 

 minute, costate. Perennial and smooth stemless herbs, very bitter, with 

 fibrous roots, and a spreading cluster of thin and flat lanceolate leaves ; the 

 small flowers in a spike-like raceme, terminating a naked slender scape (4-10 

 dm. high). ('AXerpJs, a female slave who grinds corn ; in allusion to the ap- 

 parent mealiness of the blossoms.) 



1. A. farinbsaL. Flowers tubular, white ; lobes lanceolate-oblong. Grassy 

 or sandy woods, s. Me. to Fla., Ark., and Minn. July, Aug. 



2. A. aiirea Walt. Flowers bell-shaped, yellow, fewer and shorter than in 

 the preceding; lobes short-ovate. Barrens, " Va.," S. C. to Fla. and Tex. 



33. SMiLAX [Toum.] L. GREEN BRIER. CAT BRIER 



Flowers dioecious in umbels on axillary peduncles, small, s?reenish or yellow- 

 ish, regular, the perianth-segments distinct, deciduous. Filaments linear, in- 

 serted on the very base, the introrse anthers linear or oblong, fixed by the base, 

 apparently 1-relle.l. Ovary of fertile flowers 3-celled (1-celled, with single 

 stigma in S. laurifnlin) ; sti-mas thick and spreading, almost sessile; ovules 1 or 

 _' in each cell, pendulous, orthotropous. Fruit a small berry. Shrubby or her- 

 baceous, usually climbing or supported by a pair of tendrils on the petiole of the 



