330 JUGLANDACEAE (WALNUT FAMILY) 



catkins scattered, oblong ; scales wedge-shaped at the base ; nuts scattered and 

 naked, bony, 2.5-3 mm. in diameter, and incrusted with white wax. Sandy 

 soil, Md. to Fla., Tex., and Ark. March, Apr. 



3. M. carolinSnsis Mill. (BAYBERRY.) Shrub 1-2 in. high ; leaves oblong, 

 entire or somewhat crenately toothed, thinner and more flaccid than in the pre- 

 ceding, mostly obtuse, 1.5-4 cm. broad, green and resinous-dotted on both sides ; 

 fruit 3.5-4 mm. in diameter. (M. cerifera Man. ed. 6, in great part.) Sandy 

 or sterile soil, chiefly near the coast, P. E. I. and N. B. to Fla. and La. ; also on 

 L. Erie. 



* * Frequently monoecious ; fertile catkins globular ; ovary surrounded by 8 long 

 narrowly awl-shaped persistent scales ; nut ovoid-subcylindric ; leaves pin- 

 natijid with many rounded lobes. 



4. M. asplenifolia L. (SWEET FERN.) Shrub 3-6 dm. high, with sweet- 

 scented fern-like linear-lanceolate leaves ; stipules half heart-shaped ; scales of 

 the sterile catkins kidney-heart-shaped, pointed. (Comptonia Ait. ; C. pere- 

 grina Coult.) Sterile soil, N. B. and N. S. to N. C., Ind., and the Saskatchewan. 

 Apr., May. 



LEITNERlACEAE (CORK WOOD FAMILY) 



Dioecious shrubs or small trees, with each kind of flowers in catkins opening 

 before the leaves; the sterile catkins many- the fertile few-flowered; calyx and 

 corolla none; stamens 3-12, whorled, the filaments short, distinct, hypogynous; 

 ovary \-celled with solitary ascending amphitropous ovule and thickish terminal 

 style with lateral groove. Leaves simple, entire, alternate ; stipules obsolete 

 or none. Flowers solitary in the axils of ovate pubescent scales, sessile. Fruit 

 an obovoid somewhat compressed leathery drupe. 



1. LEITNERIA Chapm. 



Characters of the family. (Named in memory of Dr. E. T. Leitner, a German 

 naturalist who traveled and was killed in Florida.) 



1. L. floridana Chapm. (CORK WOOD.) Stout arborescent shrub 1-7 m. 

 high ; leaves oblong or obovate, somewhat canescent-tomentose on the lower 

 surface; sterile catkins about 3 cm. long, the fertile half as long; drupe 1-2 

 cm. long. Swamps, s. Mo. and southwestw. ; also Fla. March. 



JUGLANDACEAE (WALNUT FAMILY) 



Trees, with alternate pinnate leaves, and no stipules ; flowers monoecious, the 

 sterile in catkins (aments) with an irregular calyx adnate to the bract; the fertile 

 solitary or in a small cluster or spike, with a regular 3-5-lobed calyx adherent 

 to the incompletely 2-4-celled but only \-ovuled ovary. Fruit a khni <>f <lnj 

 drupe, with a crustaceous or bony nutshell, containing a large 4-/<>/>t'<l nrtho- 

 tropous seed. Albumen none. Cotyledons fleshy and oily, sinuous or corru- 

 gated, 2-lobed ; radicle short, superior. Petals sometimes present in the fertile 

 flowers. A small family of important trees, consisting chiefly of the two 

 following genera. 



1. jtTGLANS L. WALNUT 



Stamens 12-40 ; filaments free, very short. Fertile flowers solitary or several 

 together on a peduncle at the end of the branch, with a 4-toothed calyx, bearing 

 4 small petals at the sinuses. Styles 2, very short ; stigmas 2, somewhat club- 

 shaped and fringed. Fruit with a fibrous-fleshy indehiscent epicarp, and a 

 mostly rough irregularly furrowed endocarp or nutshell. Trees, with odd- 



