JUGLANDACEAE (WALNUT FAMILY) 331 



pinnate leaves of many serrate leaflets. Pith in plates. (Name contracted 

 from Jams glans, the nut of Jupiter. ) 



1. J. cinerea L. (BUTTERNUT, WHITE W.) Leaflets 7-17, oblong-lanceo- 

 late, pointed, rounded at base, downy especially beneath, the petioles and 

 branchlets downy with clammy hairs; fruit ellipsoid, clammy, pointed, the nut 

 deeply sculptured and rough with ragged ridges, 2-celled at the base. Rich 

 woods, N. B. to the mts. of Ga., w. to Ont., " Dak.," e. Kan. and Ark. Trunk 

 16-30 m. high, with gray bark, widely spreading branches, and lighter brown 

 wood than in the next. 



2. J. nigra L. (BLACK W.) Leaflets 11-17 (-" 23 "), ovate-lanceolate, taper- 

 pointed, somewhat heart-shaped or unequal at base, smooth above, the lower 

 surface and the petioles minutely downy ; fruit spherical, roughly dotted, the 

 nut corrugated, 4-celled at top and bottom. Rich woods, w. Mass, to Fla., w. 

 to Ont., Minn., and Tex. A large and handsome tree, with rough dark bark 

 and valuable purplish-brown wood. 



2. CARYA Nutt. HICKORY 



Stamens 3-10 ; filaments short or none, free. Fertile flowers 2-5 in a cluster or 

 short spike, on a peduncle terminating the shoot of the season ; calyx 4-toothed; 

 petals none. Stigmas sessile, 2 or 4, large, papillose, persistent. Fruit with a 

 4-valved firm and at length dry exocarp (involucre), falling away from the 

 smooth and crustaceous or bony endocarp or nutshell, which is incompletely 

 2-celled, and at the base mostly 4-celled. Fine timber-trees with hard and 

 very tough wood, and scaly buds, from which in spring are put forth usually 

 both kinds of flowers, the sterile below and the fertile above the leaves. Nuts 

 ripen and fall in October. (Kaptfa, an ancient name of the Walnut.) SCORIA 

 Raf. (1808); HICORIUS Raf. (1817); HICORIA Raf. (1836). 



1. Sterile catkins fascicled (no common peduncle or sometimes a very short one} 

 from separate lateral scaly buds near the summit of shoots of the preceding 

 year ; bud-scales few ; fruit elongated ; the thin-shelled nut 2-celled below ; 

 seeds sweet ; leaflets short-stalked, numerous. 



1. C. illinoSnsis (Wang.) K. Koch. (PECAN.) Minutely downy, becoming 

 nearly smooth ; leaflets 0-17, oblong-lanceolate, tapering gradually to a slen- 

 der point, falcate, serrate; nut olive-shaped. (C. olivaeformis Nutt.; Hicoria 

 Pecan Britton.) River bottoms, s. Ind. to la., e. Kan., Tex., and Ala. 

 A large tree (25-50 m. high), with delicious nuts. 



2. Sterile catkins in threes (rarely more*) on a common peduncle from the axil 

 of an inner scale of the common bud, therefore at the base of the shoot of 

 the season, which, then bearing 3 or 4 leaves, is terminated by the fertile 

 flowers; fruit globular or ovoid; nut 4-celled at base; leaflets sessile or 

 nearly so. 



* Bud-scales numerous, about 10, successively inwrapping, the inner ones accres- 

 cent, becoming thin and membranaceous and rather tardily deciduous; 

 husk of the fruit splitting promptly into 4 more or less thick and when dry 

 hard or woody valves ; seed sweet and delicious. (The HICKORY NUTS of 

 the market.) 



2. C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch. (SHELL-BARK or SHAG-BARK H.) Bark of trunk 

 shaggy, exfoliating in rough strips or plates ; inner bud-scales becoming large 

 and conspicuous, persistent till the flowers are fully developed ; leaflets 5-7, 

 when young minutely downy beneath, finely serrate, the three upper obovate- 

 lanceolate, the lower pair much smaller and oblong-lanceolate, all taper-pointed ; 

 fruit globular or depressed ; nut white, flattish-globular, barely mucronate, the 

 shell thinnish. (C. alba Nutt.; Hicoria ovata Britton.) N. E, and w. Que. 

 to north shore of L. Huron, e. Minn., Tex., and Fla. A large and handsome 

 tree (20-28 m. high, or more), yielding the principal HICKORY NUT of the 

 markets. Hicoria carolinae-septentrionalis Ashe appears to be merely a small- 

 fruited extreme of this species 



