586 VIOLACEAE (VIOLET FAMILY) 



ing earlier ; flowers, capsules, and seeds as in the preceding. 

 Moist thickets, often in heavy soil, e. Que. to L. Winnipeg, and 

 southw. 



36. V. canad6nsis L. (CANADA V.) Usually 3-4 dm. high, 

 minutely pubescent, glabrate ; leaves heart-shaped, pointed. 

 serrate ; stipules sharply lanceolate ; petaliferous flowers often 

 borne throughout the summer, lateral petals bearded, spurred 

 petal yellow at the base and striped with fine dark lines ; 



810. V. canadensis. sepals slender, acuminate ; capsules subglobose, 0-10 mm. long, 

 often downy or puberulent ; seeds brown. Woods, Nfd. to 



n. Vt., thence southw. and westw. FIG. 810. 



6. Style not capitate, slender (Fig. 811); length of spur at least twice its 

 width; stipules f ringed-toothed, somewhat herbaceous. 



Tip of the style beut downward, slightly pubescent near the summit; 

 lateral petals bearded ; spur less than 8 mm. long. 



Petals white or cream -colored 37. V. strict tu. 



Petals pale violet or violet-purple. 

 Stems ascending. 

 Plants glabrous or nearly so. 



Stipules ovate-lanceolate ; later leaves subacuminate . . .88. V.conxpersa. 

 Stipules lance-linear ; later leaves rounded to an obtuse apex ; alpine 



and northern 39. V. Uil>r<i(lo,'k'<i. 



Plants densely puberulent 40. V. arvnaria. 



Stems prostrate ; leaves suborbicular 41. V. \\'<t/t<-t-i. 



Style straight and glabrous; lateral petals beardless, spur slender, 10-12 



mm. long ..-.. 42. V. rostrata. 



37. V. strata Ait. Usually 15-30 cm. high when in flower, often in late 

 summer 6 dm. high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves heart-shaped, finely crenate- 

 serrate, often acute ; stipules large, oblong-lanceolate ; spur rather thick, shorter 

 than the petals ; sepals ciliate, narrow, attenuate ; capsules ovoid, glabrous, 4-(> 

 mm. long ; seeds light brown. Low or shady ground, Ct. to Minn., and southw. 



38. V. conspersa Reichenb. Rootstock oblique, often much branched ; at 

 time of vernal flowering stems 8-16 cm. high ; lower leaves round-renifonu. 

 upper round-cordate, crenate, 1.5-3 cm. wide; flowers numerous, 



usually pale, sometimes white, raised above the leaves on axillary 

 peduncles 5-8 cm. long ; in summer the leaves becoming wider, the 

 stems elongating and bearing cleistogamous flowers on short peduncles 

 from the same axils that bore vernal flowers or from the axils of 

 later leaves ; seeds straw-colored. ( V. Muhlenbergii Torr. ; V. labra- 

 dorica of recent Am. auth., not Schrank.) Common in low or 

 shaded ground, e. Que. to Minn., and southw. FIG. 811. 



39. V. Iabrad6rica Schrank. Habit of the preceding but more 



dwarf ; stems and petioles nearly or quite glabrous ; stipules narrow, gll. V. cou- 

 lance-linear ; leaf-blades more or less hispidulous above, the later 

 ones rounded to an obtuse (not in the least acuminate) apex ; petals 

 commonly deep violet, more rarely paler; seeds light brown. ( V. 

 ixTijiiDia, var. minor Hook.) Greenl. and Lab., s. to cool or alpine situations 

 of Me., N. H., andn. N. Y. 



40. V. arenaria DC. Low, tufted; stems several or many; leaves 1-2 

 cm. broad, thickish, densely puberulent on both surfaces, ovate, often subcor- 

 date, narrowed above to an obtuse apex ; spur usually straight and blunt, but 

 sometimes with a sharp point abruptly bent inward ; cleistogamous flowers and 

 capsules abundant in late summer; seeds brown. (V. ontiiKt, var. /m/T/v//</ 

 Wats.) Sandy and sterile soil, e. Que. to n. e. Mass., westw. to Minn, and 

 Sask. (En.) 



41. V. Walter! House. Blossoming first from rosettes of radical leaves, 

 afterwards producing prostrate leafy stems that bear cleistogamous flowers ; 

 leaves orbicular to reniform, with cordate base, 1-4 cm. wide, crenulate, often 

 dark-colored along the veins ; flowers and fruit much as in V. conspersa. (V. 

 tmtlticaiiliit Hritton, not Jord.) Rocky or sandy ground, Ky. to Fla. and Tex. 



