610 



I MP.KLUl-'Kl; AI-: (I'AltSLEY FAMILY) 



head, and similar bractlets. (E. aquaticum L. 1762, in part, not L. 1758.) 

 Ct. to Minn., Kan., Tex., and Fla. July-Sept. 



* * Tall and often stout ; leaves thick, not parallel-reined. 



2. E. aqudticum L. Slender, 3-9 dm. high ; radical and lower stem-lea re* 

 linear- to oblong-lanceolate, on long (sometimes 3 dm.) Jistulous petioles, entire 

 or with small hooked teeth ; upper leaves sessile, spiny-toothed or laciniate : 

 heads ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.2 cm. long, with reflexed bracts, and Irtn-tli-tx with ''> 

 spiny cusps (the middle one largest). (E. virginianum Lam.) By ponds and 

 streams, N. J. to Fla. and Tex., near the coast. Aug., Sept. 



3. E. Leavenw6rthii T. & G. Stout, 4-0 dm. high ; lowest stem-l<-are# 

 broadly oblanceolate, spinosely toothed, the rest sessile and deeply and palmately 

 parted into narrow incisely pinnatifid spreading pungent segments ; heads 

 ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5-4 cm. long, with pinnatifid spinose bracts and H-7 -cuspidate 

 bractlets, the terminal ones very prominent and resembling the bracts. Dry 

 soil, e. Kan., Ark., and Tex. 



* * * Prostrate and slender, rooting at the joints, diffusely branched, with small 

 thin unarmed leaves and very small heads. 



4. E. prostratum Nutt. Lower leaves oblong, entire, few-toothed, or lobed 

 at base ; upper leaves smaller, clustered at the rooting joints, ovate, few-toothed 

 or entire (occasiohally some additional trifid ones); reflexed bracts longer than 

 the ellipsoid heads (4-7 mm. long). Wet places, s. Mo. to Fla. and Tex. 



2. SANiCULA [Tourn.] L. SANICLE. BLACK SNAKEROOT 



Calyx-teeth manifest, persistent. Fruit globular ; the carpels not separating 

 spontaneously, ribless, thickly clothed with hooked prickles. Perennial rather 

 tall glabrous herbs, with few palmately lobed or parted leaves, 

 those from the base long-petioled. Umbels irregular or mi 11- 

 pound, the flowers (greenish or yellowish) capitate in the unilu 1- 

 lets, perfect, and with staminate ones intermixed. Involucre and 

 involucels few-leaved. (Name said to be from sanare, to heal ; 

 or perhaps from San Nicolas.} 



* Styles much exceeding the bristles of the fruit, recurved. 



1. S. marilandica L. Stem erect, 3-10 dm. high; leaves 

 6-7-parted, the divisions sharply serrate, acute; sterile flo \\ers 

 pedicellate, often in separate umbels ; 

 815. S. marilan- fruit 6-7 mm. long, sessile. Nfd. to 

 dica x 2. Ga. and w. to the Rocky Mts., common. 



FIG. 815. 



2. S. gregaria Bicknell. Stem slender, 6 dm. high ; 

 leaves 5-foliolate ; leaflets obovate, 

 cleft and serrate ; fruit emZ?/3-4(-5) 

 mm. long, somewhat stipitate. 

 Rich woods, St. John Valley, N. B.; 

 s. N. H. to Minn., Ark., and Ga. 

 1-ic. 816. 



* * Styles shorter than the hrMh-s. 



3. S. canad6nsis L. Simple, 

 erect, 5-8 dm. high ; leaves 3-5- 

 foliolate, leaflets narrowly obovate, 



sharply serrate ; sterile jlnwers 



few. short-pedicelcd : fntit newAy sie. s. gregaria x t. 



senile, xufii/lnhose, 3-(> mm. long. 



N. II. to Fla., Minn.. Neb., and Tex., common. FIG. 

 817. 

 81T. s. -an:i.ii-iiMs x4. 4. S. trifolUta Bicknell. Similar in habit, the leaflets 



