COKNACKAE (DOGWOOD FAMILY) 623 



with dark purple stem ; leaves 2-3-teruately divided, the pinnate segments of 

 5-7 lanceolate to ovate leaflets, 2-4 cm. broad, sharply mucronate-serrate. 

 (Archangelica Hoffm.) Alluvial soils, Nfd. to Del., 111.. la., Minn., and w. 

 Ont. FIG. 842. 



45. T6RILIS Adans. 



Calyx-teeth short, triangular, persistent. Fruit bristly with hooked prickles 

 or warty, the primary ribs not so prominent as the secondary. Erect slender 

 caulescent annuals with bipinnate leaves, compound umbels, and dense heads of 

 white flowers, the involucres and involucels of linear bracts. (Etymology un- 

 known.) CAUCALIS of auth., in part. 



1. T. ANTHR^SCUS (L.) Bernh. Umbels open, loose, long-peduncled, raised 

 above the leaves ; prickles evenly distributed on the fruit. (Caucalis Huds.) 

 Open woods and waste places, N. Y. to D. C., Ky., and O. (Nat. from Eu.) 



2. T. NODOSA (L.) Gaertn. Umbels dense, subcapitate ; peduncles much 

 shorter than the leaves ; prickles often confined to one side of the elsewhere warty 

 carpels. (Caucalis Scop.) Similar situations, from the Middle Atlantic States 

 westw. (Adv. from Eu.) 



46. DAUCUS [Tourn.] L. CARROT 



Fruit oblong, flattened dorsally ; stylopodium depressed ; 

 carpel with 5 slender bristly primary ribs and 4 winged secondary 

 ones, each of the latter bearing a single row of barbed prickles ; 

 oil-tubes solitary under the secondary ribs, two on the comrnis- 

 sural side. Bristly annuals or biennials, with pinnately decom- 

 pound leaves, foliaceous and cleft involucral bracts, and compound 

 umbels which become strongly concave. (The ancient Greek 

 name.) 



1. D. CAR6TA L. Biennial ; stem bristly ; ultimate leaf-seg- 

 ments lanceolate and cuspidate ; rays numerous. Fields and 

 waste places ; a pernicious weed. The flowers vary from white 

 843. D. Carota to roseate or pale yellow, the central one in each umbel usually 

 xsy 3 . dark purple. (Nat. from Eu.) FIG. 843. 



/ 

 CORNACEAE (DOGWOOD FAMILY) 



Shrubs or trees (rarely herbaceous) , with opposite or alternate simple leaves, 

 the calyx-tube adherent to the l-2-celled ovary, its limb minute, the petals 

 (valvate in the bud) and as many stamens borne on the margin of an epigynous 

 disk in the perfect flowers ; style one ; a single anatropous ovule hanging from 

 the top of the cell ; the fruit a l-2-seeded drupe ; embryo nearly as long as the 

 albumen, with large foliaceous cotyledons. Including two genera with us, of 

 which Nyssa is partly apetalous. Bark bitter and tonic. 



1. Cornus. Flowers perfect, 4-merous. Leaves mostly opposite. 



2. Nyssa. Flowers dioeciously polygamous, 5-inerous. Leaves alternate. 



1. C6RNUS [Tourn.] L. CORNEL. DOGWOOD 



Flowers perfect (or in some foreign species dioecious). Calyx minutely 

 4-toothed. Petals 4, oblong, spreading. Stamens 4 ; filaments slender. Style 

 slender ; stigma terminal, flat or capitate. Drupe small, with a 2-celled and 

 2-seeded stone. Leaves opposite (except in one species), entire. Flowers 

 small, in open naked cymes, or in close heads surrounded by a corolla-like 

 involucre. (Name from cornu, a horn ; alluding to the hardness of the wood.) 



