624 COKNACEAE (DOGWOOD FAMILY) 



1. Flowers greenish or purple in a close cluster, sumounded by a showy 

 usually 1-bracted corolla-like white or pinkish involucre; fruit bright /<</. 



1. C. canad6nsis L. (DWARF C., BUNCHBERRY.) Stems low and simple, 

 9-22 cm. high, from a slender creeping and subterranean rootstock ; leaves 

 scarcely petioled, the lower scale-like, the upper crowded into an apparent whorl 

 in sixes or fours (rarely opposite), ovate or oval, pointed ; bracts of the involucre 

 ovate, short-acuminate; flowers greenish-white or the petals purple-tipped ; fruit 

 globular. Damp cold woods, Lab. to Alaska, s. to N. J., W. Va., Ind., Minn., 

 etc. June, July. (E. Asia.) Leaves and involucres (rarely 3) often modified 

 and variously colored. 



2. C. suScica L. Similar but more slender ; leaves short-oval, in ^-several 

 pairs, not verticillate ; flowers deep violet; involucral bracts ovate, obtusish, 

 usually smaller than in the preceding. Wooded crests of headlands and cliffs, 

 Riviere du Loup, Que., and Nfd. to Greenl. and Alaska. July. (Boreal 

 Eurasia. ) 



3. C. fl6rida L. (FLOWERING D.) Tree, 4-12 m. high ; leaves ovate, pointed, 

 acutish at the base ; bracts of the involucre obcordate, 3-6 cm. long ; fruit ovoid. 



Dry woods, from s. Me. to Ont. and s. Minn., s. to Fla. and Tex. May, June. 



Very showy in flower, scarcely less so in fruit. 



2. Flowers white, in open flat spreading cymes; involucre none; fruit spher- 

 ical; leaves all opposite (except in no. 11.) 



* Pubescence woolly and more or less spreading. 

 4- Fruit light blue. 



4. C. circinata L'H6r. (ROUND-LEAVED C. or D.) Shrub, 2-3 m. high; 

 branches greenish^ warty-dotted ; leaves round-oval, abruptly pointed, woolly 

 beneath, 5-12 cm. broad ; cymes flat ; fruit light blue. Copses, in rich or 

 sandy soil, or on rocks, e. Que. to Man., s. to Va., Ind., 111., la., and N. Dak. 

 June, July. 



5. C. Ambmum Mill. (SILKY C., KINNIKINNIK.) Shrub, 1-3 m. high; 

 branches purplish; the branchlets, stalks, and loiver surface of the ovate or ellip- 

 tical pointed leaves silky-downy (often rusty), pale and dull, not microscopically 

 papillose ; cymes flat, close ; calyx-teeth lanceolate ; fruit pale blue. ( C. sericea 

 L.) Wet places, Nfd. to N. D., s. to Fla. and La. June. C. Purpusi Koehne, 

 with slightly narrower leaves microscopically papillose but not rusty -pubescent 

 beneath, appears to be an inconstant form rather than a distinct species. 



H- - Fruit white. 



6. C. asperifblia Michx. Branches brownish; the branchlets, etc., rough- 

 pubescent; leaves oblong or ovate, on short petioles, pointed, ruuyh with a harsh 

 pubescence above, and downy beneath ; corolla subcylindric in bud, petals rather 

 long ; calyx-teeth minute ; fruit white, 5-G mm. in diameter. Dry or sandy 

 soil, n. shore of L. Erie to Minn., Kan., and southw. May, June. A rather 

 tall shrub. C. PRfoEAE Small, of Ky. and Tenn., is said to have smaller fruit 

 (about 3 mm. in diameter). 



7. C. BailSyi Coult. & Evans. Branchlets brownish, spread ing-pubescent, 

 not scabrous ; leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, not scabrous, appressed-pubescent 

 above, covered beneath with spreading and subappressed pubescence ; corolla 

 ovoid in bud ; petals short ; fruit pure white. Sandy shores, etc., w. Pa. and 

 s. Ont. to Minn, and Man. 



* * Pubescence closely appressed, straight and silky, or none. 



8. C. stolonffera Michx. (RKD-OSIER D.) Branches, especially the osier- 

 like shoots of the season, bright red-purple, smooth ; leaves ovate, rounded at 

 base, abruptly short-pointed, roughish with a minute close pubescence on both 

 sides, whitixfi mith-rneath ; cymes small and flat, rather few-flowered, smooth; 

 fruit white or lead-color (rarely blue). Wet places, Nfd. to Mackenzie, s. to 

 D. C., Great L. region, la., Neb., N. Mex., etc.; common, especially northw. 



