BOKAGINACEAE (BORAGE FAMILY) 



681 



852. C. officinale. 



2. CYNOGL6SSUM [Tourn.] L. HOUND'S TONGUE 



Corolla funnel-form, the tube about equaling the 5-parted calyx ; lobes 

 rounded. Stamens included. Nutlets depressed or convex, oblique, fixed near 

 the apex to the base of the style, roughened all over with short barbed or hooked 

 prickles. Coarse herbs, with petioled lower leaves ; the mostly panicled (so- 

 called) racemes naked above, usually bracted at base. (Name from ntwv, a dog, 

 and 7\tD<r<ra, tongue; from the shape and texture of the leaves.) 



1. C. OFFICINA.LE L. (COMMON H.) Biennial, clothed with short soft hairs, 



leafy, panicled above ; upper leaves lanceolate, closely sessile by a rounded 



or slightly heart-shaped base ; racemes nearly bractless ; 



jf^Cx corolla reddish-purple (rarely white) ; nutlets flat on the 



\jcfjj broad upper face, somewhat margined. Waste ground and 



TJtow &&& pastures, locally abundant, the large nutlets adhering to the 



fleece of sheep, etc. (Nat. from Eu. ) Strong-scented. 



B^fe FIG. 852. 



Y 2 - C. virginianum L. (WILD COMFREY.) Perennial, 



iLto roughish with spreading bristly hairs; stem simple, few- 

 <l||p>> leaved, 3-8 dm. high ; stem-leaves lanceolate-oblong, clasp- 

 ing by a deep heart-shaped base ; racemes few andcorymbed, 

 r|U^) raised on long naked peduncles, bractless ; calyx in anthesis 

 ?|M 3.5-4.5 mm. long ; corolla pale blue, 1-1.2 cm. broad, with 

 . te^IL suborbicular lobes and closed sinuses ; nutlets strongly 

 * echinate, compressed-orbicular-obovoid, cuneate at base, 7-9 



mm. long. Open deciduous woods, N. J. to Mo., southw. 

 and southwestw. May. 



3. C. boreale Fernald. Similar, but more slender ; stems 

 villous-hispid at base, appressed-pubescent above ; only the 

 upper stem-leaves clasping; calyx in anthesis 2-2.5 mm. 

 long ; corolla 6-8 mm. broad, the lobes oblong-ovate, the sinuses open ; nutlets 

 compressed-pyriforrn-obovoid, 4-5 mm. long. (C. virginicum Man. ed. 6, in 

 part.) Open woods and alluvial banks, e. Que. to B. C., s. to Ct., N. Y., Mich., 

 and Minn. May, June. 



3. LAPPULA [Rivinius] Moench. STICKSEED 



Corolla salver-form, short, imbricated in the bud. Stamens included. Nutlets 

 fixed to the base of the style or central column, triangular or compressed, the 

 back armed with prickles which are barbed at the apex, otherwise naked. 

 Rough-hairy and grayish herbs, with small blue to whitish flowers in racemes 

 or spikes ; flowering all summer. (Name a diminutive of lappa, a bur.) 



ECHINOSPERMUM Sw. 



* Slender pedicels recurved or deflexed in fruit; calijx-lobes short, at length 



reflexed; biennial or perennial, not hispid. 



1. L. Virginia na (L.) Greene. (BEGGAR'S LICE.) Stem 3-12 dm. high; 

 radical leaves round-ovate or cordate, slender-petioled ; cauline 0.5-2.5 dm. 

 long, ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 

 acuminate at both ends ; loosely pani- 

 culate racemes divaricate ; pedicel and 

 flower each about 2 mm. long ; nutlets 

 of the globose fruit equally short-glo- 

 chidiate over the whole back. (Echino- 

 spermum virginicum Lehm.) Woods, 

 thickets, and waysides, Me. and w. Que., 

 westw. and southw. FIG. 853. 



2. L. defl^xa (Wah- 



lenb.) Garcke. Diffusely 



branched, 0.3-1 m. high ; leaves oblong to lanceolate ; racemes lax, 

 854. L. deflexa. loosely paniculate ; flowers small ; the globular-pyramidal fruit 





853. L. virglniana. 



