i 



SOLANACEAE (NIGHTSHADE FAMILY) 713 



the peduncles also mostly lateral and extra-axillary. A vast genus, chiefly in 

 warmer regions. (Name of unknown derivation.) 



* Not prickly ; anthers blunt; flowers and globose naked berries small. 



<- Perennial, climbing or twining. 



1. S. DULCAMARA L. (BITTERSWEET.) More or less pubescent; 

 ovate-heart-shaped, the upper halberd -shaped, or with 2 ear-like lobes or leaflets 

 at base; flowers (purple or blue) in small cymes; berries ovoid, red. Moist 

 banks and around dwellings. June-Sept. (Nat. from Eu.) 



t- <- Simple-leaved annuals. 



2. S. triflbrum Nutt. Low, spreading, slightly hairy or nearly glabrous ; 

 eaves oblong, pinnatifid (7-9-lobed), with rounded sinuses; peduncles 1-3- 



flowered ; corolla white; berries green, as large as a small cherry. Ont. to 

 Man., Kan., and westw. ; chiefly a weed near dwellings. 



3. S. nigrum L. (COMMON N.) Low, much branched and often spreading, 

 nearly glabrous ; the stem rough on the angles ; leaves ovate, wavy-toothed; 

 flowers white, in small umbel-like lateral clusters, drooping; calyx spreading; 

 filaments hairy ; berries globular, black. Shaded and rich open grounds ; 

 appearing as if introduced, but a cosmopolite. July-Sept. 



Var. viLL6suM L. Low, somewhat viscid-pubescent or villous ; leaves small, 

 conspicuously angular-dentate ; filaments glabrous ; berries yellow. Estab- 

 lished near Philadelphia, from ballast. (Adv. from Eu.) 



* * More or less prickly ; anthers tapering upward; pubescence stellate. 

 -- Perennial ; fruit naked; anthers equal; corolla violet, rarely white. 



4. S. carolinense L. (HORSE NETTLE.) Hirsute or roughish-pubescent with 

 4-S-rayed hairs ; prickles stout, yellowish, copious (rarely scanty) ; leaves oblong 

 or ovate, obtusely sinuate-toothed or lobed or sinuate-pinnatifid ; racemes sim- 

 ple, soon lateral; calyx-lobes acuminate; berry 1-1.5 cm. broad. Sandy soil 

 and waste grounds, N. E. to Ont., westw. and south w.; adventive eastw. 



5. S. elaeagnifblium Cav. (WHITE HORSE NETTLE.) Silvery-canescent 

 with dense scurf -like pubescence of many-rayed hairs ; prickles small, slender, 

 more or less copious or wanting ; leaves lanceolate to oblong and linear, sinuate- 

 repand or entire; calyx-lobes slender; berry 1-1.5 cm. in diameter. Prairies 

 and plains, Mo. to Tex., and westw. 



- -t- Annual ; fruit partly covered by the spiny calyx; anthers equal; corolla 



blue or white. 



6. S. SISYMBRHF6LIUM Lam. Villous with viscid hairs ; strongly armed 

 throughout with stout golden prickles ; leaves deeply pinnatifid, the oblong 

 lobes sinuate or deeply cut ; calyx-lobes becoming ovate-lanceolate and loosely 

 covering the berry. Ballast and waste places near the coast. (Adv. from 

 Trop. Am.) 



+- i- +1 Annual; fruit closely covered; lowest anther much the longest. 



7. S. ROSTRA.TUM Dunal. (BUFFALO BUR.) Very prickly, somewhat hoary 

 or yellowish with a copious wholly stellate pubescence ; leaves 1-2-pinnatifid ; 

 calyx densely prickly; corolla yellow; stamens and style much declined. 

 Plains of Neb. to Tex.; recently spread eastw. to the coast as a weed. 



8. S. citrullifblium A. Br. Similar, but less glandular-pubescent ; corolla 

 violet, 4 cm. broad. (S. heterodoxum Britton, not Dunal.) la. and Kan., 

 southwestw. 



2. CHAMAES ARACHA Gray. 



Calyx herbaceous, closely investing the globose berry (or most of it), obscurely 

 if at all veiny. Corolla rotate, 5-angulate, plicate in the bud. Filaments fili- 

 form; anthers separate, oblong. Perennials, with mostly narrow entire or 

 pinnatifid leaves tapering into margined petioles, and filiform naked pedicels 

 solitary in the axils, refracted or recurved in fruit. (Saracha is a tropical 



